genetic code

From the beginning of DNA structure understanding by Watson & Crick up to now، lots of discoveries have been achieved about the structure of molecules responsible for genetic inheritance. Modern sciences such as genomics and proteomics broadly employ basic cellular and molecular knowledge. Once، based on central dogma، protein synthesis was just explained by template DNA sequence، mRNA and protein molecules with the whole pathway done using triplet codes. But in recent years، a new window of involved processes in protein synthesis has opened including some elements involved in correct binding of each amino acid to appropriate tRNA molecules which guarantee the accuracy of protein sequence synthesis of organisms. Generally، these factors are defined as the secondary genetic codes or identity sets. The latest word on these factors is “supercodes”. These elements include a wide range from tRNA molecules structures to error correction mechanisms.