mesenchymal stem cells
در نشریات گروه پزشکی-
Objective (s)
One of the leading causes of endometriosis is the return of menstrual blood flow into the pelvic cavity and the establishment of menstrual blood mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) outside the uterus. MenSCs from endometriosis patients (E-MenSCs) and healthy women have been shown to vary in terms of surface markers and gene expression, which may suggest the involvement of these cells in the development and expansion of ectopic lesions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of beta-catenin signaling inhibitor C-82 and naringenin as PI3K signaling pathway inhibitors on E-MenSCs to modulate their gene expression and functional pattern.
Materials and MethodsBriefly, E-MenSCs isolated by density-gradient centrifugation were treated with C-82 and naringenin, and the genes and pathways related to inflammation, proliferation, and survival were evaluated. E-MenSCs showed increased early apoptosis and decreased levels of ROS, IL-6 and IL-8, ER, α-SMA, and Ki-67 protein expression.
ResultsOur results shed light on the function of C-82 and naringenin in modulating E-MenSCs.
ConclusionHowever, more research is needed to analyze the precise effects of small molecule C-82 and naringenin on endometriosis.
Keywords: Cell Proliferation, Endometriosis, Inflammation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Survival -
BackgroundDue to the scarcity of treatment options, managing the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from steatosis to cirrhosis necessitates innovative approaches. This study focused on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and autophagy as key mechanisms in NAFLD pathogenesis. It also highlighted the potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) and their exosomes as promising therapeutic options.MethodsThe study was conducted at the Department of Regenerative Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, (Shiraz, Iran) from November 2021 to December 2023. The mice (n=32) were divided into four groups: control, high-fat diet (HFD) without treatment, HFD with AD-MSCs treatment, and HFD with AD-MSCs-derived exosomes groups. The mice were fed HFD for 8 weeks. They received MSC and exosomes for the last 3 weeks. One week after the final injection, mice were tested for serum testing, stereological analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data were analyzed using the Graph-Pad Prism software by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey analysis as a post hoc comparison between groups. P<0.05 indicated a significant difference.ResultsAD-MSCs-exosomes significantly reduced ER stress indicators (IRE1α [P=0.0001], PERK [P=0.0006], ATF6 [P=0.0001], and GRP78 [P=0.0001]), apoptosis markers (Bax [P=0.005] and Cas3 [P=0.001]), and autophagic flux markers (P62 [P=0.0001] and LC3B/A [P=0.003]).ConclusionIn this investigation, AD-MSCs-exosomes significantly restored autophagy and suppressed unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the early stages of NAFLD.Keywords: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Exosome, Autophagy, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
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سابقه و هدف
توسعه یک ساختار مهندسی زیستی بافت کبدی دارای عروق، نیاز مبرم بخش بهداشت و درمان در جهت رفع تقاضای روز افزون پیوند کبد می باشد. جهت توسعه این ساختار ماتریکسهای مورد استفاده مناسب باید زنده مانی سلول ها، عملکرد آن ها و توسعه ریز عروق ها را تضمین کند. علاوه بر این یکی از فاکتورهای لازم جهت تشکیل عروق خونی در ساختارهای مهندسی شده، سلولهای اندوتلیالی و پریسیتها میباشند، که باعث پایداری شبکه عروقی تشکیل شده میشوند.
مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه آزمایشگاهی، سلولهای اندوتلیالی، درون هیدروژل مشتق از ماتریکس خارج سلولی کبد (LEM) به عنوان گروه کنترل و سلولهای اندوتلیالی و سلولهای بنیادی مزانشیمی در گروه هم کشتی درون هیدروژل مذکورکشت داده شدند. تشکیل عروق خونی و تراکم عروق خونی و تمایز سلولهای بنیادی مزانشیمی به پریسیتها 10 روز پس از کشت سلولها مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. این بررسی ها به منظور تعیین میزان کارآمدی هیدروژل مشتق از LEM در حمایت از فرایند رگزایی و تعامل سلول ها برای توسعه یک ساختار عروقی پایدار انجام شد.
یافته هادر هر دو گروه کنترل و هم کشتی، عروق خونی نابالغ در هیدروژل مشتق از ماتریکس خارج سلولی تشکیل شد؛ تراکم عروق خونی در گروه هم کشتی به طور معنی داری بالاتر از گروه کنترل بود. بیان ژن α-sma بعنوان ژن موثر در رگزایی نیز در گروه هم کشتی به میزان قابل توجهی بالاتر از گروه کنترل بود. بیان پروتئین α-sma نیز در گروه هم کشتی نشان داده شد.
استنتاجهیدروژل مشتق از ماتریکس خارج سلولی کبد با حمایت از ایجاد قطبیت در سلولهای اندوتلیالی باعث تشکیل عروق خونی در ساختار مهندسی شده بافت کبد میشود. تراکم سلولی لازم جهت تشکیل عروق خونی 100 هزار سلول در 30 میکرولیتر است. علاوه بر این هم کشتی سلولهای اندوتلیالی و سلولهای بنیادی مزانشیمی باعث تقویت و افزایش تشکیل عروق خونی میشود که سلولهای بنیادی مزانشیمی تاثیرات خود را از طریق مکانیسمهای پاراکراین و تمایز به پریسیتها اعمال میکنند.
کلید واژگان: هیدروژل، ماتریکس خارج سلولی، سلول اندوتلیال، سلول بنیادی مزانشیمی، رگ زایی، مهندسی بافت کبدBackground and purposeThe development of a bioengineered liver construct with integrated blood vessels, utilizing tissue engineering technology, is urgently needed in the healthcare system to address the growing demand for liver transplantation. For the successful development of this construct, the matrix must support liver cell viability, functionality, and the formation of microvasculature. Furthermore, one of the essential factors for the formation of blood vessels in engineered constructs is the presence of endothelial cells and pericytes, which play a crucial role in stabilizing the vascular network.
Materials and methodsEndothelial cells were cultured within a hydrogel derived from liver extracellular matrix (LEM) as the control group. In the co-culture group, endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were cultured together within the hydrogel. Blood vessel formation, vascular density, and the differentiation of MSCs into pericytes were evaluated 10 days after cell culture in the hydrogel. These assessments aimed to determine the efficacy of the LEM-derived hydrogel in supporting angiogenesis and facilitating cell interactions for the development of a stable vascular structure.
ResultsImmature blood vessels were formed within the LEM-derived hydrogel in both the control and co-culture groups. However, the vascular density was significantly higher in the co-culture group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the expression of the α-sma gene, a key regulator of angiogenesis, was significantly elevated in the co-culture group. The presence of the α-sma protein was also observed in the co-culture group.
ConclusionThe LEM-derived hydrogel supports the establishment of polarity in endothelial cells, facilitating blood vessel formation within the engineered liver construct. The required cell density for effective blood vessel formation is 100,000 cells per 30 microliters. Moreover, the co-culture of endothelial cells and MSCs significantly enhances angiogenesis. MSCs contribute to this process through paracrine mechanisms and their differentiation into pericytes.
Keywords: Angiogenesis, Hydrogel, Extracellular Matrix, Endothelial Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Liver Tissue Engineering -
Introduction
To date, different strategies have been used for co-transplantation of cell-loaded biomaterials for bone tissue regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic properties of adipose-derived-mesenchymal stem cell (AD-MSC) sheets combined with nanofibrous poly-caprolactone (PCL) mat and Gelfoam in rats with calvarial bone defect.
MethodsCalvarial critical-size defects were induced in male rats. Animals were classified into Control, Gelfoam, Gelfoam/PCL nanofiber, Gelfoam/AD-MSC sheet, and Gelfoam/PCL nanofiber/AD-MSC sheet groups. After 3 months, rats were sacrificed and the regeneration rate was evaluated.
ResultsAlmost all groups showed bone regeneration properties, but the volume of newly formed bone was higher in groups that received Gelfoam/AD-MSC and Gelfoam/PCL nanofiber/AD-MSC sheets (P < 0.05). The application of Gelfoam/PCL nanofiber/AD-MSC sheets not only increased bone thickness, bone volume/total bone volume (BV/TV) ratio, strong Hounsfield Unit (HU), but also led to the formation of ossified connective tissue with wrinkled patterns.
ConclusionThe current study indicated that the Gelfoam/PCL nanofiber/AD-MSC sheet provides a suitable platform for effective osteogenesis in calvarial bone defects.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cell Sheet, Bone Regeneration, Calvarial Defects, Rat -
Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition resulting from somatosensory system damage, remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathophysiology and inadequate response to traditional therapies. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types and possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties, making them promising candidates for novel pain management strategies. Preclinical studies demonstrate that MSCs can reduce inflammation, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), promote nerve regeneration, and modulate pain signaling pathways. Various administration routes, including intravenous and intrathecal, have been investigated to optimize MSC delivery and efficacy. Additionally, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a cell-free alternative with substantial therapeutic potential. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, further research is needed to refine MSC-based therapies, including the exploration of combination treatments and rigorous clinical trials, to translate these promising results into effective clinical applications for neuropathic pain relief. This review explores the therapeutic potential of MSCs in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated neuropathic pain.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Neuropathic Pain, Oxidative-Stress, Reactive Oxygen Species, Therapy -
Introduction
Mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord origin (hucMSCs) appear to be an attractive candidate for cell-based therapies. However, their efficacy requires improvement as poor survival and specific homing to the site of injury are the major barriers to their effective implementation in cell therapy. As Wnt signaling pathway is involved in the development and repair of organs, we adopted a preconditioning strategy of stem cells by using CHIR99021 compound (a Wnt pathway agonist) to potentiate hucMSCs beneficial effects and circumvent their therapeutic limitations.
MethodsWe treated hucMSCs with 5 µM of CHIR99021 and evaluated the expression levels of genes involved in different biological processes through qRT-PCR. Subsequently, we examined the effectiveness of preconditioned cells (CHIR99021-hucMSCs) in a cisplatin-induced rat acute kidney injury model. Amelioration in tissue injury was evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and renal functional assessment.
ResultsIn treated groups, we observed preserved renal tissue architecture in terms of lesser epithelial cells necrosis (P ≤ 0.001) and cast formation ( ≤ 0.05). Accelerated proliferation of injured tubular cells (P ≤ 0.001) and low serum creatinine values (P ≤ 0.01) were observed in preconditioned hucMSCs group compared to untreated AKI rats. In addition, administration of preconditioned hucMSCs in kidney injury model offered better restoration of tubular cell membrane β-catenin molecules. Our findings showed that CHIR99021-modified hucMSCs may exhibit better capacity for cell migration and proliferation.
ConclusionThe results showed that preconditioning of stem cells with Wnt pathway activators could provide advanced benefits for organ repair, which may contribute to design a more effective therapeutic approach for renal regeneration.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Acute Kidney Injury, Preconditioning, Wnt Signaling, Regeneration, Stem Cell Therapy -
زمینه و هدف
فعالیت منظم هوازی و درمان با سلول های بنیادی تاثیرات امیدوارکننده ای در مدیریت استئوآرتریت دارند. افزایش بیان ژن فاکتور هسته ای کاپا B (NF-κB) نقش مهمی در تخریب مفصل در شرایط استئوآرتریت ایفا می کند. همچنین، بیان ژن ماتریکس متالوپروتئیناز-1 (MMP1) در استخوان مفاصل بیماران مبتلا به استئوآرتریت افزایش می یابد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف بررسی اثرات تمرین هوازی و تزریق سلول های بنیادی بر بیان ژن های NF-κB و MMP1 در بافت غضروف زانو موش های صحرایی نر مدل استئوآرتریت انجام شد.
روش هادر این مطالعه تجربی، 25 سر موش صحرایی نر به صورت تصادفی به پنج گروه تقسیم شدند: کنترل سالم، بیمار (القای استئوآرتریت)، بیمار+تمرین، بیمار+سلول بنیادی، و بیمار+تمرین+سلول بنیادی. برنامه تمرینی شامل 30 دقیقه دویدن روی تردمیل بدون شیب با سرعت 16 متر در دقیقه در هفته اول بود که با رعایت اصل اضافه بار به صورت تدریجی به 50 دقیقه در هفته هشتم افزایش یافت. به گروه های مربوطه، سلول های بنیادی مزانشیمی با دوز 106×1 سلول بر کیلوگرم به صورت تزریق یک مرحله ای تجویز شد. 48 ساعت پس از آخرین جلسه تمرینی، بافت غضروف استخراج و بیان ژن های NF-κB و MMP1 با روشReal-Time PCR ارزیابی شد.
یافته هابیان ژنNF-κB در گروه استئوآرتریت به طور معناداری بالاتر از گروه سالم بود (P=0.001). تمرین هوازی منجر به کاهش معنادار بیان NF-κB در مقایسه با گروه بیمار شد (P=0.043). بااین حال، درمان با سلول های بنیادی به تنهایی تاثیر معناداری بر کاهش بیان این ژن نداشت (P=0.077). علاوه بر این، تفاوت معناداری در بیان ژن MMP1 بین گروه های مطالعه مشاهده نشد (P>0.05)، اما الگوی تغییرات آن مشابه تغییرات NF-κB بود.
نتیجه گیریدر حالی که درمان با سلول های بنیادی به تنهایی تاثیر معناداری بر تعدیل بیان ژن ها نشان نداد، تمرین هوازی منظم توانست بیان NF-κB را کاهش دهد. این یافته ها از پتانسیل سرکوب NF-κB از طریق تمرین ورزشی به عنوان مداخله ای موثر برای مدیریت استئوآرتریت حمایت می کند.
کلید واژگان: فاکتور هسته ای کاپا B (NF-Κb)، ماتریکس متالوپروتئیناز-1 (MMP1)، سلول های بنیادی مزانشیمی، استئوآرتریت، تمرین هوازیFeyz, Volume:28 Issue: 6, 2025, PP 595 -602Background and AimRegular aerobic exercise and stem cell therapy have shown promising effects in the management of osteoarthritis. The increased expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a significant role in joint degradation in osteoarthritis, while matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) gene expression is elevated in the joint bones of osteoarthritis patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise and stem cell injection on the expression of NF-κB and MMP1 genes in the knee cartilage of male rat models of osteoarthritis.
MethodsIn this experimental study, 25 male rats were randomly assigned to five groups: healthy control, osteoarthritis-induced (diseased), diseased + exercise, diseased + stem cells, and diseased + exercise + stem cells. The exercise program included 30 minutes of treadmill running at 16 meters per minute during the first week, gradually increasing to 50 minutes by the eighth week, following the principle of progressive overload. Mesenchymal stem cells were administered to the relevant groups at a dose of 1×10^6 cells per kilogram via a single injection. Forty-eight hours after the final exercise session, knee cartilage tissue was extracted, and the expression of NF-κB and MMP1 genes was evaluated using Real-Time PCR.
ResultsThe expression of NF-κB in the osteoarthritis group was significantly higher than in the healthy control group (P=0.001). Aerobic exercise resulted in a significant reduction in NF-κB expression compared to the diseased group (P=0.043). However, stem cell treatment alone did not significantly affect the reduction of this gene expression (P=0.077). Additionally, no significant differences were found in MMP1 gene expression between the study groups (P>0.05), although the pattern of changes mirrored those observed in NF-κB expression.
ConclusionWhile stem cell therapy alone did not show a significant effect on gene expression modulation, regular aerobic exercise significantly reduced NF-κB expression. These findings support the potential of aerobic exercise as an effective intervention to suppress NF-κB in the management of osteoarthritis.
Keywords: Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-Κb), Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1), Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Osteoarthritis, Aerobic Exercise -
In the article published in Cell J, Vol 15, No 4, 2015, pages 364-371, the reference for Table 1 and Figures 1B-D, 2,and 5A, B was inadvertently omitted. The missing reference (24), originally written in Persian by the authors, has nowbeen added to the relevant Table and Figures' legends with the permission of the original publisher, Journal of ArdabilUniversity of Medical Sciences.The authors would like to apologies for any inconvenience caused.Keywords: Wharton’S Jelly, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Crystallin, Differentiation
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Objective (s)
Reducing the immune response to inflammation is vital for successful transplantation, yet chronic graft rejection remains a major issue despite immunosuppressive drugs. This study explored the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on the survival of skin allografts in mice.
Materials and MethodsC57BL/6 and BALB/c mice underwent skin allograft surgery, followed by intraperitoneal injection of exosomes, which were compared with groups receiving dexamethasone and no treatment group.
ResultsOn day 3, mild signs of graft rejection appeared in both control groups, while none were seen in the exosome-treated group. By day 14, the grafts were completely rejected in the control groups but showed mild rejection in the treatment group. Histopathology revealed severe rejection signs in the control groups, including epithelial necrosis and inflammation, while the treatment group showed signs of angiogenesis and graft acceptance. Additionally, inflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were lower in the treatment group than in the positive control group, particularly on days 3 and 14.
ConclusionThe findings suggest that exosomes can prevent graft rejection and may offer a promising therapeutic approach for solid organ transplantation, though further research is needed to standardize exosome methods and evaluate cost-effectiveness.
Keywords: Exosome, Immunomodulation, Mice, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Regeneration, Transplantation -
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive destruction of behavioral and cognitive functions. Various therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively change the course of AD. In recent years; stem cell therapy has emerged as a hopeful potential treatment for Alzheimer's. Stem cells can differentiate into various types of cells, including brain cells, potentially replacing damaged cells and improving cognitive function.
ObjectivesIn the present study we investigated the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amniotic membrane (AM-MSCs) on neural progenitor cells (NPC) treated with Scopolamine.
MethodsNPC cell was provided by the Iranian Biological Resource Center. To expose these cells to Alzheimer's situations, scopolamine (0.05 mg/ml) treatment has been used. The inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane was evaluated by using the co-cultivation method. The expression of amyloid beta (Aβ), TERM2, Tau, and ABCA7 genes, was assessed in NPC cells co-cultivated with AM-MSC by Real-time PCR. After the Co-culture of AM-MSC and NPC cells for 72 hours, we evaluated the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein in Co-cultured NPC cells by immunocytochemical test.
ResultsResults of Real-time PCR and Immunocytochemistry showed that in Co-culture of AM-MSC with NPC decreased Aß, TREM2, and Tau gene expression and increased ABCA7 expression. As well, the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein enhanced.
ConclusionsAM-MSCs have attracted much consideration. MSCs have the capability of immune regulation, regeneration, and neuroprotection These cells are a potential candidate for cell therapy due to their easy accessibility and compliance with ethical issues.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Neural Progenitor Cell, TERM2, Tau, Aβ, ABCA7 -
Background
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive destruction of behavioral and cognitive functions. Various therapies have been tested to improve or at least effectively change the course of AD. In recent years; stem cell therapy has emerged as a hopeful potential treatment for Alzheimer's. Stem cells can differentiate into various types of cells, including brain cells, potentially replacing damaged cells and improving cognitive function.
ObjectivesIn the present study we investigated the inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from amniotic membrane (AM-MSCs) on neural progenitor cells (NPC) treated with Scopolamine.
MethodsNPC cell was provided by the Iranian Biological Resource Center. To expose these cells to Alzheimer's situations, scopolamine (0.05 mg/ml) treatment has been used. The inhibitory effect of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the amniotic membrane was evaluated by using the co-cultivation method. The expression of amyloid beta (Aβ), TERM2, Tau, and ABCA7 genes, was assessed in NPC cells co-cultivated with AM-MSC by Real-time PCR. After the Co-culture of AM-MSC and NPC cells for 72 hours, we evaluated the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein in Co-cultured NPC cells by immunocytochemical test.
ResultsResults of Real-time PCR and Immunocytochemistry showed that in Co-culture of AM-MSC with NPC decreased Aß, TREM2, and Tau gene expression and increased ABCA7 expression. As well, the expression of BDNF and CHAT protein enhanced.
ConclusionsAM-MSCs have attracted much consideration. MSCs have the capability of immune regulation, regeneration, and neuroprotection These cells are a potential candidate for cell therapy due to their easy accessibility and compliance with ethical issues.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Neural Progenitor Cell, TERM2, Tau, Aβ, ABCA7 -
Background
Trauma can significantly impact cartilage tissue and human quality of life. Limited cartilage regeneration capability has led to medical interventions for tissue repair. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) is an anionic cellulose with suitable price and mechanical properties. Carboxymethyl cellulose is used as a lubricant or in constructing hydrogel scaffolds for cell culture.
ObjectivesSince cartilage cells differentiate from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, this study aimed to investigate their chondrogenic differentiation potential on a non-woven CMC scaffold in a monolayer system.
MethodsNon-woven CMC was synthesized and evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mechanical tests. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and identified using flow cytometry. After chondrogenic differentiation induction, cell attachment and expression of chondrogenic-related genes were examined using dimethyl thiazolyl diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).
ResultsMTT assay showed that cells adhered well to the scaffold surface. There was no significant difference in cell viability between the control group (cells without scaffold) and the experimental group. The SEM images showed that the cells were successfully attached to the membrane. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed the singes of carbonyl, methyl, and hydroxyl groups. The tensile strength was measured as 0.224 ± 0.155 and 0.306 ± 0.164 MPa in the scaffold's dry and wet forms, which was insignificant. Young's modulus was equal to 0.077 and 0.079 MPa in dry and wet conditions, respectively. After two weeks of differentiation culture, a significant increase in Sox9- and Collagen II expression was observed. No significant increase in the expression of Collagen X and Aggrecan was detected.
ConclusionHuman bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells successfully adhered to the non-woven CMC scaffold and could express early chondrogenic pathway genes in the presence of inducing factors. However, expression of more specific cartilagerelated genes morphological changes toward a chondrogenic phenotype and lacuna formation were not observed.
Keywords: Carboxymethyl Cellulose, Cartilage, Human's, Mesenchymal Stem Cells -
BackgroundUltraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces photoaging and apoptosis in various cell types. Inhibition of UVB-induced apoptotic pathways has been explored in different apoptotic cascades. Conditioned media from human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (CM-hUCB-MSC) contain important substances for cell regeneration. However, the potential of CM-hUCB-MSC in preventing UVB-induced apoptosis has not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, the current research was conducted to investigate the potential of CM-hUCB-MSC in inhibiting UVB-induced apoptosis and its role in the antiapoptotic signaling pathway.MethodsAn experimental in vitro study was conducted at PT. Prodia StemCell Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2019-2022. Initially, hUCB-MSCs were isolated and cultured to produce CM-hUCB-MSC. NIH3T3 cells were pretreated with/without 50 μM LY294002, treated with/without 10% CM-hUCB-MSC, and then irradiated with/without UVB. Subsequently, the cells were analyzed using sub-G1, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting assays. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis, followed by Tukey’s honest significant difference (HSD) test or the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn-Bonferroni test using IBM SPSS Statistics software version 21. Statistical significance was determined at P<0.05.ResultsCM-hUCB-MSC significantly inhibited UVB-induced apoptosis in NIH3T3 cells (P=0.002, Dunn-Bonferroni test). CM-hUCB-MSC significantly induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser 473 in UVB-irradiated NIH3T3 cells (P<0.001, Tukey’s HSD test). The CM-hUCB-MSC-induced phosphorylation of Akt was significantly inhibited by LY294002 (P<0.001, Tukey’s HSD test).ConclusionTaken together, it can be concluded that CM-hUCB-MSC inhibits UVB-induced NIH3T3 cell apoptosis via the activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling cascades.Keywords: Ultraviolet Rays, Apoptosis, Culture Media, Conditioned, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins C-Akt
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The dental pulp is essential for tooth health and sensory function. However, conventional treatments for infected or necrotic pulp, such as root canal therapy, frequently result in tooth loss and increased fracture risk. Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) aim to regenerate pulp tissue while preserving tooth vitality. Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hUCMSCs) demonstrated potential for tissue regeneration. In this case report, the potential of hUCMSC-derived exosomes for regenerating the dental pulp of a pulpectomized tooth was investigated. The patient, a 40-year-old man, was presented with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular second premolar. The patient underwent a pulpectomy, followed by the application of a chitosan and hUCMSC-derived exosome mixture into the root canal. This project was conceived and executed as a joint project in Bushehr (Iran), Shiraz (Iran), and Aktobe (Kazakhstan) from 2022 to 2024. Exosomes were isolated and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Clinical evaluations, including visual inspection, palpation, pulp vitality tests, radiography, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging, were conducted over 24 weeks post-treatment. The SEM and TEM images confirmed the effective isolation and characterization of exosomes. Clinical follow-ups showed no signs of infection, swelling, or tenderness around the treated tooth. Radiographic assessments indicated periapical radiolucency and periodontal ligament widening, suggesting active healing. Despite these radiographic changes, the absence of clinical symptoms indicated successful tissue regeneration and integration. This case report demonstrated the potential of hUCMSC-derived exosomes for dental pulp regeneration, with promising results in maintaining tooth vitality and promoting healing.
Keywords: Exosomes, Regenerative Endodontics, Dental Pulp, Regeneration, Mesenchymal Stem Cells -
Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway remodeling, hyperresponsiveness, and exacerbated inflammation. While most patients respond well to current treatments, a small subset remains resistant necessitating new therapeutic strategies. Due to their immunomodulatory properties, stem cells have been proposed as a promising treatment option for asthma. Stem cells can reduce airway inflammation and restore immune balance, demonstrating positive outcomes, particularly in cases of steroid-resistant asthma. However, the mechanisms underlying lung tissue repair are not clearly defined. On the other hand, there are limitations in using these cells and for clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells, which must be produced in accordance with Good Manufacturing Practice. This review article discusses the mechanisms by which stem cells may aid in asthma treatment and addresses and explores the challenges associated with their use. By addressing these areas, we can better understand the potential and limitations of stem cell therapy in asthma and develop more effective strategies to harness their therapeutic benefits for patients with uncontrolled asthma.
Keywords: Airway Inflammation, Asthma, C-Kit Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Therapeutics -
Background
Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent diagnosis with a significant mortality rate. Various therapeutic approaches exist for treating HF, and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned medium (hAMSCs-CM) therapy has emerged as a promising option. Despite its potential efficacy, the precise mechanism of action underlying hAMSCs-CM treatment remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a novel animal study to investigate the mechanism of action of hAMSCs-CM in an HF model, with a specific focus on transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and aldosterone (ALD).
MethodsForty adult male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control, HF, culture medium, and CM. All rats, except those in the control group, received an injection of isoproterenol to induce an animal model of HF. The CM group was administered the CM, while those in the culture medium group received standard culture media. Subsequently, serum levels of fibrotic factors, including TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, and ALD, were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test.
ResultsSerum levels of TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, and ALD were significantly elevated in the HF, CM, and culture medium groups compared with the control group (P<0.001). Additionally, these fibrotic factors were significantly reduced in the CM group compared with the HF group (P<0.001). Notably, CM therapy could not restore TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, or ALD levels to the normal range observed in the control group.
ConclusionOur findings indicate that hAMSCs-CM modulates the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines, such as TGF-β/galectin-3, MCP1, BNP, and ALD, in isoproterenol-induced HF in male rats. These results contribute to a better understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms underlying hAMSCs-CM treatment for HF.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Heart Failure, Inflammation, Fibrosis -
Background & Objectives
This study aimed to construct a decellularized mouse spleen scaffold and evaluate its cellular compatibility in vitro using murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs).
Materials & MethodsA combination of physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments was employed for mouse spleen decellularization. These included multiple freeze-thaw cycles, the ionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and enzymatic trypsin. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses were conducted up to 7 days post-culture to assess the impact of decellularization and cellular adaptation to the spleen scaffolds.
ResultsHistological studies revealed the attachment and penetration of BM-MSCs into the scaffolds on days 5-7 following cell seeding. Furthermore, cell migration into the scaffold was observed 5 days after the seeding process.
ConclusionThe decellularization approach utilized in this study proved to be effective and biocompatible, supporting the preservation and proliferation of BM-MSCs. These findings indicate its potential for spleen tissue engineering applications.
Keywords: Decellularization, Scaffold, Spleen Tissue, Extracellular Matrix, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering -
Cancer, as a complicated disease, is considered to be one of the major leading causes of death globally. Although various cancer therapeutic strategies have been established, however, some issues confine the efficacies of the treatments. In recent decades researchers for finding efficient therapeutic solutions have extensively focused on the abilities of stem cells in cancer inhibition. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that can the most widely extracted from various sources such as the bone marrow (BM), placenta, umbilical cord (UC), menses blood, Wharton’s jelly (WJ), adipose tissue and dental pulp (DP). These cells are capable of differentiating into the osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Due to the unique characteristics of MSCs such as paracrine effects, immunomodulation, tumor-tropism, and migration, they are considered promising candidates for cancer therapeutics. Currently, MSCs are an excellent living carrier for delivery of therapeutic genes and chemical agents to target tumor sites. Also, exosomes, the most important extracellular vesicle released from MSCs, act as a strong cell-free tool for cancer therapeutics. MSCs can prevent cancer progression by inhibiting several signaling pathways, such as wnt/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. However, there are several challenges associated with the use of MSCs and their exosomes in the field of therapy that need to be considered. This review explores the significance of MSCs in cell-based therapy, focusing on their homing properties and immunomodulatory characteristics. It also examines the potential of using MSCs as carriers for delivery of anticancer agents and their role in modulating the signal transduction pathways of cancer cells.
Keywords: Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Cancer Therapy, Cell Therapy, Exosomes, Immunomodulation, Chemotherapeutic Agents -
Lung is one of the vital organs that get severely affected by cytokine storm and sepsis, leading to the development of acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Mesenchymal stem cell- derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC- derived sEVs) are one of the therapeutic approaches for ARDS/ ALI caused by sepsis. Apart from sEVs’ ability to carry medication, MSC- derived sEVs also possess anti- inflammatory, tissue repair, and regeneration properties. Targeted drug delivery has been a crucial area of concern in the medical field, specifically for treating lung diseases. To treat lung diseases locally, inhalation of drug products has been developed. Drug delivery by inhalation has emerged as an effective method for local administration of therapeutic agents, with numerous benefits including better efficacy at lower doses and decreased toxicity. Additionally, inhalation administration is a viable option for the systemic distribution of medications due to the lungs' considerable absorption surface and their ability to bypass initial metabolism. Therefore, our hypothesis proposes the inhalation of MSC- derived sEVs as a potential strategy for alleviating acute lung injury induced by sepsis-related cytokine storm. Following the isolation and characterization of these MSC- derived sEVs, they will be administered to an animal model of sepsis via a nebulizer, either in their pure form or loaded with drugs. Several approaches will be employed to evaluate lung functionality, including histological analysis and the measurement of inflammatory and regulatory cytokine levels to assess changes in both the humoral and cellular immune systems
Keywords: Sepsis, Small Extracellular Vesicles, Inhalation, Acute Lung Injury, Mesenchymal Stem Cells -
Objective (s)
Atrophy of the muscles following denervation can lead to the death of myofibers. This study evaluated the sciatic nerve and tibialis cranialis muscle (TCM) regeneration using scaffold and cells.
Materials and MethodsNinety adult male Wistar rats were divided into six main groups (n=15) and three subgroups (2, 4, and 8 weeks). Groups: control; without surgery, Tr; sciatic nerve transected in silicone tube, S; collagen gel put inside the silicone tube, MC; placed 3×104 mast cells mixed with scaffold, MSC; placed 3×104 mesenchymal stem cells mixed with scaffold, and MC+MSC; 3×104 of each of the mast cell and mesenchymal stem cells along with scaffold. Animals were euthanized and sampled for muscle and nerve histological and nerve immunohistochemical evaluations.
ResultsDiameter of muscle fibers, ratio of the muscle fiber’s nuclei to the fibrocyte nuclei (mn/fn), ratio of the muscle fibers nuclei number to the muscle fiber’s number (mn/mf), and ratio of the blood vessels number to the number of muscle fibers (v/mf) in all treatment groups, especially the MC + MSC group, increased compared to the Tr group but the number of mast cells, the percentage of sarcoplasmolysis, and necrosis fibers decreased. Histomorphometric results of the nerve in its various parts and immunohistochemistry results also showed improved nerve conduction, especially in the MC + MSC group.
ConclusionIn this study, nerve improvement happened mainly for two reasons: cells and time. So, the most obvious improvement occurred in the group with mast and mesenchymal cells in the 8th week.
Keywords: Denervation, Histology, Mast Cells, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Muscle, Rat, Regeneration
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