جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "psychological distress" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"
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Background
Anemia in pregnancy is associated with psychiatric symptoms and poor psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and birth outcomes. Considering the controversies surrounding the impact of anemia on psychiatric symptoms, this study investigates the 6-month trends of anxiety and depression in anemic pregnant women with threatened abortion (TA).
MethodsA case-control retrospective cohort study conducted among 282 participants who enrolled in a registry of pregnant women with TA in Babol city from December 2022 to October 2023. Fifty individuals with anemia (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL) who were matched with 50 without anemia based on age, pregnancies, education, and gestational age, were included. The BSI-18 (Brief Symptom Inventory) was used to assess depression, anxiety, and psychological distress at the beginning, three and six-month follow-ups.
ResultsThe prevalence of anemia among women diagnosed with TA was found to be 17.7%. At the beginning, compared to normal individuals, anemic women had higher rates of depression (32% vs. 14%), anxiety (34% vs. 22%), and psychological distress (66% vs. 48%). Moreover, at 3- and 6-month follow-ups, the frequency of psychiatric symptoms in anemic women was significantly higher. The Generalized Estimating Equations model showed that although both groups had a decreasing trend of frequency anemic women experience a slower rate of decrease in psychiatric symptoms compared to non-anemic women.
ConclusionAnemia in women with TA is associated with high rates of depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, as well as a slow recovery rate.
Keywords: Anemia, Threatened Abortion, Depression, Anxiety, Psychological Distress -
Background
Diabetic patients must be managed comprehensively to normalize blood sugar levels for a long time, as it has an impact on diabetes distress. Self-management is an essential intervention to keep the patient’s blood glucose levels stable. Moreover, people with diabetes who have poor self-acceptance may develop a negative view of themselves, which can affect diabetes self-management. Thus, this study aimed to determine the relationship between self-acceptance and self-management of diabetes distress among patients at Roemani Semarang Hospital.
MethodsThis quantitative study used an observational approach. The sample consisted of 52 respondents who were treated at the Roemani Semarang Hospital, in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. Self-acceptance was measured by the acceptance of illness scale (AIS), which consists of eight questions developed by Felton with a Cronbach’s α of 0.861. Self-management was measured by the diabetes self-management questionnaire (DSMQ) developed by Schmitt, which consists of 16 questions with a Cronbach’s α 0.628. Moreover, diabetes distress was measured by the diabetes distress scale (DDS), which consists of 17 items developed by William Polonsky with a Cronbach’s α 0.840.
ResultsMost diabetic patients had moderate self-acceptance, with 41 respondents (78.9%), good self-management, with 39 respondents (75%), and moderate diabetes distress, with 32 respondents (61.5%). Therefore, self-acceptance and self-management had a relationship with the incidence of diabetes distress (P=0.001).
ConclusionDiabetes distress must be treated in diabetes patients because it impacts self-management. Additionally, an approach to increasing self-acceptance is necessary, as it also affects diabetes distress. Further studies are needed to explore self-acceptance as a mediator between self-management and diabetes distress.
Keywords: Self-Management, Diabetes Mellitus, Psychological Distress -
Background
Regarding the effect of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) on the psychological distress (PD) of diabetic patients, various factors can play a mediating role. This study was to examine the associations between EMSs, PD, and coping strategies in people with diabetes.
MethodsThis descriptive correlational study was carried out on people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) referred to the diabetes clinic of Shariati Hospital in Tehran, in 2021. Here, 200 patients were included in the research and the selection method of people was convenient. Research tools included Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). Data analysis was performed by SPSS 25 software and Smart-PLS 3, and structural equation method (SEM).
ResultsThe findings revealed that EMSs have a significant and direct association with PD. Coping strategies had a mediating role in relation to EMSs and PD in people with T2D. As a result, 37% of PD was explained by EMSs and coping strategies.
ConclusionAccording to the results, in order to reduce the level of PD in people with T2D should be use of techniques aimed at enhancing EMSs and coping strategies.
Keywords: Coping Strategy, Early Maladaptive Schemas, Patients, Psychological Distress, Type 2 Diabetes -
سابقه و هدف
سلامت روان شناختی به افزایش بهزیستی، پیش گیری از مشکلات روانی و همچنین بازتوانی افرادی که با اختلالات روانی درگیر هستند، مربوط است. بنابراین، بررسی عوامل موثر بر سلامت روان شناختی و پیش گیری از پریشانی روان شناختی اهمیت دارد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پیش بینی پریشانی و سلامت روان شناختی، براساس رفتارهای سلامت محور دینی با میانجی بخشش انجام شده است.
روش کارروش پژوهش حاضر مقطعی (توصیفی-هم بستگی)، و جامعه آماری، شامل تمامی بزرگ سالان شهر تهران در شش ماهه اول سال 1401 بود. نمونه ی نهایی شامل 296 نفر (246 خانم و 50 آقا) بود، که به صورت در دسترس انتخاب شدند. پرسش نامه ها شامل پرسش نامه اطلاعات دموگرافیک، پرسش نامه رفتارهای ارتقادهنده سلامت دینی (بشارت و همکاران، 1394)، پرسش نامه سلامت روان شناختی (بشارت، 1388)، پرسش نامه پریشانی روان شناختی (لوویباند و همکاران، 1995) و پرسش نامه بخشش هارتلند (تامپسون و همکاران، 2005) بود. داده های توصیفی با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 21 و مدل سازی معادلات ساختاری، با نرم افزار AMOS نسخه 21 انجام شد.
یافته هانتایج مدل معادلات ساختاری نشان داد که مدل ساختاری پیشنهادشده براساس فرضیه های تحقیق، از برازش مناسبی برخوردار است. رفتارهای سلامت محور دینی، اثر مستقیم و معنی دار بر سلامت روان شناختی؛ و بخشش، اثر معکوس و معنی دار بر پریشانی روان شناختی دارد. همچنین، اثر بخشش بر سلامت روان شناختی مثبت و معنی دار شد. در نهایت، نقش میانجی گر بخشش در رابطه بین رفتارهای سلامت محور دینی و سلامت روان شناختی تایید شد.
نتیجه گیرییافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که رفتارهای سلامت محور دینی با میانجی بخشش می توانند سلامت و پریشانی روان شناختی را پیش بینی کنند. بنابراین، لازم است در اجرای مداخلات و روش های کاهش پریشانی روان شناختی و ارتقای سلامت روان شناختی، به نقش حائز اهمیت رفتارهای سلامت محور دینی و بخشش توجه شود.
کلید واژگان: بخشش, پریشانی روان شناختی, رفتارهای سلامت محور دینی, سلامت روان شناختیBackground and ObjectivePsychological health is related to increasing well-being, preventing mental problems, and rehabilitating individuals with mental disorders. Therefore, investigating factors affecting psychological health and preventing psychological distress are important. The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting distress and psychological health based on religious health-oriented behaviors with the mediation of forgiveness.
MethodsThe method used in the present study was cross-sectional (descriptive-correlational). The statistical population included all adults in Tehran in the first six months of 1401. The final sample consisted of 296 individuals (246 women and 50 men), who were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used for data collecton included demographic information questionnaire, religious health promoting behavior questionnaire (Bashart et al, 2014), psychological health questionnaire (Bashart, 2018), anxiety, depression, stress questionnaire (Loviband et al, 1995) and Heartland’s forgiveness questionnaire (Thompson et al, 2005). Descriptive data was anlayzed on SPSS version 21 software and structural equation modeling was conducted on AMOS software version 21.
ResultsThe results of structural equation modeling indicated a good fit for the proposed structural model based on the research hypotheses. Religious health behaviors have a direct and significant effect on psychological health and forgiveness and an inverse and significant effect on psychological distress. Also, the effect of forgiveness on psychological health was positive and significant. Finally, the mediating role of forgiveness in the relationship between religious health-oriented behaviors and psychological health was confirmed.
ConclusionThis study demonstrated that health and psychological distress can be predicted by religious health-oriented behaviors through the mediation of forgiveness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the important role of religious health-oriented behaviors and forgiveness in the implementation of interventions and methods to reduce psychological distress and promote psychological health.
Keywords: Forgiveness, Psychological Distress, Psychological Health, Religious Health Behaviors -
سابقه و هدف
معمولا کمردرد مزمن با پریشانی روان شناختی، اجتماعی، هیجانی و معنوی همراه است. ازطرفی استفاده از درمان های روان شناختی جزء خطوط جدید درمانی قرار گرفته اند؛ بنابراین مطالعه ی حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی درمان شناختی-رفتاری بر پریشانی روان شناختی و معنوی در زنان با کمردرد مزمن انجام شد.
روش کارپژوهش حاضر نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون–پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه ی پژوهش حاضر، شامل تمامی زنان مبتلابه کمردرد مزمن مراجعه کننده به کلینیک های فوق تخصصی درد بیمارستان های رضوی و امام رضا(ع) شهر مشهد در سال 1402 بودند، که 20 نفر به روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب، و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه (10 نفر آزمایش و 10 نفر گروه کنترل) جای داده شدند. گروه آزمایش در ده جلسه ی حضوری 90دقیقه ای در مدت ده هفته، تحت مداخله قرار گرفت و گروه گواه مداخله ی معمولی را دریافت نمود. ابزارهای گردآوری اطلاعات شامل پرسش نامه های پریشانی روان شناختی کسلر و همکاران (2002) و پریشانی معنوی کو و همکاران (2010) بودند. تحلیل داده ها با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه ی 24 و آزمون تحلیل کواریانس چند متغیره و تک متغیره انجام شد.
یافته هانتایج تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که بین پریشانی روان شناختی و پریشانی معنوی دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل، تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد؛ به طوری که درمان شناختی-رفتاری موثر بوده و موجب کاهش پریشانی روان شناختی و پریشانی معنوی زنان با کمردرد مزمن شده است (05/0>P).
نتیجه گیریبراساس نتایج می توان گفت که متخصصان حوزه ی سلامت، می توانند نتایج این مطالعه را در طراحی مداخلات روان شناختی، بسته های آموزشی و نیز برگزاری کارگاه مد نظر قرار دهند. همچنین از درمان شناختی-رفتاری می توان به عنوان روش درمانی مکمل در کنار درمان های پزشکی، درراستای بهبود پریشانی روان شناختی و معنوی زنان با کمردرد مزمن استفاده نمود.
کلید واژگان: پریشانی روان شناختی, پریشانی معنوی, درمان شناختی-رفتاری, زنان, کمردرد مزمنBackground and ObjectiveChronic back pain is usually associated with psychological, social, emotional and spiritual distress. On the other hand, the use of psychological treatments became part of the new lines of treatment, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on psychological and spiritual distress in women with chronic back pain.
MethodsThe statistical population of the present study included all women suffering from chronic back pain who referred to the specialized pain clinics of Razavi and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashhad in 2023. They were placed in two groups (10 in the experimental and 10 in the control group). The experimental group underwent intervention in ten face-to-face sessions of 90 minutes for ten weeks, and the control group received the usual intervention. The data collection instruments included psychological distress questionnaire by Kessler et al. (2002) and spiritual distress questionnaire by Ku et al. (2010). Data analysis was conducted on the SPSS software version 24 using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance.
ResultsThe results of covariance analysis showed a significant difference in the psychological distress and spiritual distress between the two experimental and control groups; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy effectively reduced the psychological distress and spiritual distress of women with chronic back pain (P<0.05).
ConclusionBased on the results, it can be stated that the health professionals should consider the results of this study in designing psychological interventions, training packages, and holding workshops, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as a complementary treatment method alongside medical treatments in order to improve psychological and spiritual distress in the women with chronic back pain.
Keywords: Chronic Back Pain, Cognitive Behavioral Therap, Psychological Distress, Spiritual Distress -
ntroduction: Changes in health status and adjustments to new lifestyles during the pandemic have triggered societal psychological problems in society. This study aimed to explore the correlation between physical symptoms and psychological problems in Indonesian society during the COVID-19 outbreak.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study employed an online survey to gather data from 9425 participants in Indonesia between June and July 2020, which was selected using convenience sampling. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) instrument was employed to investigate psychological problems, the utilization of psychoactive substances, psychotic symptoms, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Physical symptoms were assessed through self-reports indicating the presence or absence of experienced COVID-19 symptoms. The statistical analyses were conducted using Spearman-rank and Cramer’s V correlation.
ResultsThe findings suggest that the perceived physical symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak are significantly associated with psychological problems, (including decreased energy, somatic symptoms, depressive moods, and depressive thoughts, the use of psychoactive substances, psychotic symptoms, and PTSD.
ConclusionOur study concluded that physical health is significantly associated with psychological problems. It is essential to eliminate factors that cause psychological problems by promoting the physical condition of the general population. Through promotive and preventive efforts, physical and psychological conditions should be improved in COVID-19 outbreaks
Keywords: COVID-19, Physical Symptoms, Psychological Distress -
BackgroundGiven the profound effects of children’s behavioral disorders, particularly in children with autism, on families, the present study aimed to explore the association between mothers’ distress tolerance and marital adjustment and behavioral disorders (BD) in children with autism in Ahvaz, Iran.MethodsThis descriptive-correlational study included all children with autism and their mothers registered at the Autism Association of Ahvaz, Iran in 2023. A total of 262 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), and Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). Data were subjected to Pearson’s correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis using SPSS version 27.ResultsThe mean scores for child behavioral disorders, tolerance of distress, and marital adjustment were 34.95 (±8.14), 45.29 (±9.86), and 80.23 (±19.15), respectively. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated a significant inverse relationship between children’s BD and mothers’ tolerance of distress (r=-0.36, P<0.001) and marital adjustment (r=-0.60, P<0.001). Additionally, a significant positive correlation was found between mothers’ tolerance of distress and marital adjustment (r=0.39, P<0.001).ConclusionsThe results indicated that mothers’ tolerance of distress and marital adjustment are crucial in alleviating BD in children with autism. Interventions aimed at enhancing mothers’ coping skills and marital satisfaction may be beneficial in improving children’s behavioral outcomes.Keywords: Autistic Disorder, Mental Disorders, Psychological Distress, Women
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مقدمه
اضطراب سلامت از عوامل اصلی موثر بر سلامت روان پرستاران است. هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین همبستگی پریشانی روانشناختی و مقابله با موقعیت های تنش زا، اضطراب سلامت در پرستاران با نقش میانجی فرسودگی شغلی بود.
روش کارروش پژوهش حاضر از نوع توصیفی-همبستگی است. جامعه پژوهش پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان دکتر پیروز در لاهیجان در سال 1402 بود که تعداد 200 تن از آن ها (27مرد و 173 زن) به روش نمونه گیری غیرتصادفی و در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار های جمع آوری داده ها شامل: پرسشنامه جمعیت شناختی، "مقیاس پریشانی روانشناختی کسلر "(Kessler Distress Psychological Scale)، "سیاهه مقابله با موقعیت های تنش زا" (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations)، "سیاهه اضطراب سلامت" (Health Anxiety Inventory) و "پرسشنامه فرسودگی شغلی" (Maslach Burnout Questionnaire) بودند را بصورت کامل تکمیل کردند. نسبت روایی محتوای ابزار ها و پایایی به روش محاسبه همسانی درونی با محاسبه ضریب آلفا کرونباخ انجام شد. داده ها در نرم افزار اس پی اس اس نسخه 22 و اسمارت پی ال اس نسخه 3 تحلیل شدند.
یافته هاپریشانی روانشناختی با اضطراب سلامت همبستگی معنادار مستقیم و مثبت داشت (59/0= β، 330/8=t، 01/0=P). مقابله با موقعیت های تنش زا، با اضطراب سلامت همبستگی معنادارغیرمستقیم و منفی داشت (25/0-= β، 167/2-=t، 01/0=P). پریشانی روانشناختی با فرسودگی شغلی همبستگی معنادار مستقیم و مثبت داشت (71/0= β، 86/17=t، 01/0=P). مقابله با موقعیت های تنش زا با فرسودگی شغلی همبستگی معنادار غیرمستقیم و منفی داشت (14/0-= β، 158/3-=t، 05/0=P). فرسودگی شغلی با اضطراب سلامت همبستگی معنادار مستقیم و مثبت داشت (24/0= β، 57/3=t، 001/0=P). پریشانی روانشناختی (23/0=β) با میانجیگری فرسودگی شغلی با اضطراب سلامتی همبستگی معنا دار مستقیم و مثبت داشت. همچنین مقابله با موقعیت های تنش زا، (169/0-/0= β) با میانجیگری فرسودگی شغلی با اضطراب سلامتی همبستگی معنادار غیر مستقیم و منفی داشت.
نتیجه گیریپریشانی روانشناختی به صورت معنادار مستقیم ومثبت و مقابله با موقعیت های تنش زا به صورت معنا دار مستقیم ومنفی، به واسطه فرسودگی شغلی سبب افزایش نمره اضطراب سلامتی در پرستاران می شود. پیشنهاد می شود، مدیران بیمارستان ها اقدامات حمایتی لازم در راستای ارتقاء سلامت روان پرستاران شاغل در بیمارستان ها را با برگزاری کارگاه های آموزشی درزمینه فرسودگی شغلی و اضطراب سلامت فراهم آورند.
کلید واژگان: اضطراب سلامت, فرسودگی, پریشانی روانشناختی, پرستارانIntroductionHealth anxiety is one of the main factors affecting the mental health of nurses. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between psychological distress and Coping with stressful situations, health anxiety in nurses with the mediating role of job burnout.
MethodsThe present research method is descriptive-correlation type. The research population was nurses working in Dr. Pirouz Hospital in Lahijan in 2023, 200 of them (27 men and 173 women) were selected by non-random and convenience sampling method. Data collection instruments include: demographic data questionnaire, "Kessler Distress Psychological Scale", "Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations", "Health Anxiety Inventory" and "Job Burnout Questionnaire" were completely completed. The content validity ratio of the instruments and reliability was done by calculating internal consistency by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data were analyzed in SPSS .22 and Smart PLS. 3.
ResultsPsychological distress was correlated directly and positively with health anxiety (β=0.59, t=8.330, P=0.01). Coping with stressful situations with health anxiety had an indirect and negative significant correlation (β=-0.25, t=-2.167, P=0.01). Psychological distress was correlated directly and positively with burnout (β=0.71, t=17.86, P=0.01). Coping with stressful situations with burnout had an indirect and negative significant correlation (β=-0.14, t=-3.158, P=0.05). Job burnout was directly and positively correlated with health anxiety (β=0.24, t=3.57, P=0.001). Psychological distress (β=0.23) correlated directly and positively with health anxiety by mediating burnout. Also, coping with stressful situations (β=-0.169) with the mediation of burnout was correlated indirectly and negatively with health anxiety.
ConclusionsPsychological distress in a direct and positive manner and Coping with stressful situations in a direct and negative manner, due to burnout increases the health anxiety score in nurses. It is suggested that hospital managers provide the necessary support measures to promote the mental health of nurses working in hospitals by holding workshops on burnout and health anxiety.
Keywords: Health Anxiety, Burnout, Psychological Distress, Nurses -
اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد، بر پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر زنان خیانت دیدهمقدمه
خیانت یک رویداد آسیب زاست که عواقب روان شناختی زیادی از جمله پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر دارد.
هدفهدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد بر پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر زنان خیانت دیده بود.
روشپژوهش حاضر نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش آزمون - پس آزمون با گروه گواه و پیگیری بود. جامعه آماری شامل کلیه زنان خیانت دیده مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاوره شهر تهران در سال 1402 بودند که از میان آنها 32 نفر به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند انتخاب و در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل جایگزین شدند. شرکت کنندگان پرسش نامه های پریشانی روان شناختی کسلر و همکاران (2002) و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر شوارتز و همکاران (2002) را در سه نوبت پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری تکمیل کردند. برای تحلیل داده ها از تحلیل واریانس اندازه گیری مکرر، آزمون تعقیبی بنفرونی و نرم افزار SPSS-27 استفاده شد.
یافته هایافته ها نشان داد که درمان پذیرش و تعهد اثربخشی درون گروهی و بین گروهی نیرومندی بر پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر داشت (P<0.05). اثربخشی این مداخله در مرحله پیگیری نیز ماندگار بود. میزان اندازه اثر برای پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر به ترتیب 44/0 و 24/0 بود (P<0.05).
نتیجه گیریدرمان پذیرش و تعهد باعث کاهش پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر در زنان خیانت دیده شد. بنابراین پیشنهاد می شود در طراحی مداخلات موثر برای کاهش آسیب های روان شناختی زنان دارای تجربه خیانت از درمان پذیرش و تعهد برای کاهش پریشانی روان شناختی و پشیمانی از انتخاب همسر بهره برد.
کلید واژگان: درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد, پریشانی روانشناختی, انتخاب همسرIntroductionInfidelity is a traumatic event that has many psychological consequences, including psychological distress and regret about choosing a spouse.
AimThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and regretting of the spouse choice in betrayed women.
MethodThis study was a quasi-experimental research. The statistical population of this research included all the betrayed women who referred to the counseling centers in Tehran, 2022, Among them 32 people were selected by purposive sampling and were assigned in two experimental and control groups. The participants completed the questionnaires of psychological distress by Kessler et al. (2002) and regret of choosing a spouse Schwartz et al. (2002) in three times: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Repeated measures analysis of variance, Benferoni post hoc test and SPSS-27 software were used to analyze the data.
Resultthe results of the study indicated that acceptance and commitment therapy had a significant effect on psychological distress and regret of choosing a spouse in both within and between group status (P<0.05). The effectiveness of this intervention was lasting in the follow-up phase. The effect size for psychological distress and regret of choosing a spouse were 0.44 and 0.24 respectively (P<0.05).
ConclusionAcceptance and commitment therapy reduce psychological distress and regretting the spouse choice in betrayed women. So, suggestting in the design of effective interventions for betrayed women, acceptance and commitment therapy can be used to reduce the psychological distress and regretting of the spouse choice.
Keywords: Acceptance, Commitment Therapy, Psychological Distress, Mate Selection -
Background
Chronic pain (CP) is defined as persistent, severe pain lasting for more than three months and is often associated with psychological distress (PD) and learned helplessness (LH).
ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), PD, and LH in individuals with CP.
MethodsThe research employed a descriptive, causal-comparative methodology. The study population consisted of patients referred to pain and physiotherapy clinics in Tehran between 2022 and 2023. From a pool of 300 CP patients, 150 with high-grade PTSD severity and 150 with low-grade PTSD severity were purposively selected. Participants completed PTSD (Blevins et al., 2015), PD (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), and LH (Quinnells & Nelson, 1988) questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-24 software, with multivariate analysis of variance used for data analysis (P < 0.005).
ResultsAmong the 300 patients, 52.6% were married, 44.0% held a bachelor’s degree, and 37.4% had musculoskeletal disorders. The findings revealed significant differences in PD and LH levels between the two groups (P < 0.001). Chronic pain patients with high-grade PTSD exhibited greater levels of depression (F = 211.09), anxiety (F = 231.06), stress (F = 374.85), and LH (F = 457.79) compared to those with low-grade PTSD (P < 0.001).
ConclusionsThis research highlights the significant impact of PTSD severity on PD and LH in individuals with CP. These results emphasize the need to consider psychological factors in the treatment and management of CP.
Keywords: Psychological Distress, Learned Helplessness, Chronic Pain, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -
Objective
The link between individuals' perceptions of social class (PSC) and various forms of bullying, including cyberbullying, has not been extensively studied. Additionally, the mechanisms through which PSC impact aggressive behaviors like cyberbullying remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the influence of perceived social class on cyberbullying, considering subjective vitality and psychological distress as serial mediators.
MethodUtilizing a cross-sectional design, the research involved 584 Iranian students (Mage = 20.59, SD = 1.99) from several universities who completed questionnaires assessing Subjective Social Class (SSC), Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS), Psychological Distress Scale (K6), and Cyberbullying Involvement Scale (CIS). Hayes' PROCESS macro (Model 6) in SPSS was employed to analyze the chain mediation effects.
ResultsThe Results demonstrated that the direct impact of PSC on cyberbullying was significant (Effect = -0.229, 95% CI: -0.294 to -0.164). Subjective vitality and psychological distress serially mediated the link between PSC and cyberbullying (Effect = -0.022, 95% CI: -0.035 to -0.012). In addition, both subjective vitality (Effect = -0.046, 95% CI: -0.080 to -0.017), and psychological distress (Effect = -0.09, 95% CI: -0.123 to -0.059), independently mediated the association between PSC and cyberbullying.
ConclusionThis research not only broadens the theoretical understanding of how individuals' perceptions of their social rank influence cyberbullying behaviors, but also provides actionable strategies for officials and experts to deploy effective interventions in higher education to mitigate cyberbullying.
Keywords: Cyberbullying, Psychological Distress, Psychological Well-Being, Social Class, Students -
Objective
Automatic negative thoughts have an important role in development of a persistent negative cognitive bias, which may ultimately result in suicidal ideation. The primary objective of the present study was to examine the relationship between automatic negative thoughts and experiential avoidance in relation to psychological distress.
MethodThe study sample comprised 441 individuals who had attempted suicide. Participants underwent interviews utilizing standardized questionnaires including Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire along with its nine subscales. After internal relationships assessment among the research variables, outlier detection was done using the boxplot analysis and standard deviation distance metrics. To analyze the direct and indirect associations between the input and output variables, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed. In addition, SPSS-28 and Amos 29 software were used to analyzed the data.
ResultsThe final model showed that automatic negative thoughts were significantly inversely associated with adaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = -0.42, P ≤ 0.01) and significantly positively related to both maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = 0.49, P ≤ 0.01) and psychological distress (β = 0.53, P < 0.01). Additionally, experiential avoidance showed a significant positive relationship with maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation (β = 0.22, P < 0.01).
ConclusionThis research demonstrated that automatic negative thoughts could worsen psychological distress through the regulation of cognitive emotion in those who had a history of suicide. By the clinical management of automatic negative thoughts and shifting individuals’ cognitive emotion regulation toward adaptive strategies, there is potential for a substantial reduction in suicidal ideation and attempts which can be evaluated in future clinical trials.
Keywords: Emotional Adjustment, Latent Class Analysis, Mental Processes, Psychological Distress, Suicide -
مقدمه
پرخوری یکی از مشکلات رایج در زنان است که علاوه بر عوامل جسمی تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلف روانی قرار می گیرد. هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین روابط علی بین صفات شخصیت با پرخوری در دانشجویان زن براساس نقش میانجیگر پریشانی روان شناختی و سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی در کنترل وزن است.
روش کارروش این پژوهش همبستگی از نوع معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعه آن شامل بود و نمونه آن که از طریق نمونه گیری بدست آمد. ابزار مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل مقیاس پرخوری گورمالی و همکاران (1982)، پرسشنامه پنج عاملی نئو (1989)، پرسشنامه سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی کلارک و همکاران (1991) و مقیاس افسردگی، اضطراب، استرس لاویبوند و لاویبوند (1995) بود. داده های حاصل از پژوهش با استفاده از روش حداکثر درستنمایی و نرم افزار ایموس نسخه . تحلیل شدند.
یافته هانتایج نشان داد که ضریب مسیر غیر مستقیم بین عامل های وظیفه شناسی (001/0= P) و برونگرایی (001/0= P) شخصیت با پرخوری از طریق سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی در کنترل وزن منفی و ضریب مسیر غیر مستقیم بین عامل روان رنجورخویی (001/0= P) با پرخوری از طریق سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی مثبت و معنادار بود. همچنین ضریب مسیر غیر مستقیم بین عامل برونگرایی (001/0= P) با پرخوری از طریق پریشانی روان شناختی منفی و ضریب مسیر غیر مستقیم بین عامل روان رنجورخویی (001/0= P) با پرخوری از طریق پریشانی روان شناختی مثبت و معنادار بود.
نتیجه گیریبه طورکلی می توان گفت که سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی در کنترل وزن و پریشانی روان شناختی در رابطه میان صفات شخصیتی و پرخوری نقش میانجی دارند. بنابراین، به درمانگران حوزه پرخوری پیشنهاد می شود که علاوه بر مداخلات دارویی به متغیرهای روان شناختی موثر نظیر صفات شخصیت، خودکارآمدی و پریشانی روان شناختی توجه نمایند.
کلید واژگان: پرخوری, پریشانی روانی, صفات شخصیتی, سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدیBackgroundOvereating is one of the common problems in women, which is affected by various psychological factors in addition to physical factors. The aim of the present study is to explain the causal relationship between personality traits and overeating in female students based on the mediating role of psychological distress and lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight control.
methodsThe method of this research was structural equation correlation. Its population included all male and female students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch in 1401, and the sample size was 356 people who were selected by available sampling method. The instruments used in this research included Gormali et al.'s binge eating scale (1982), Neo's five-factor questionnaire (1989), Clark et al.'s self-efficacy lifestyle questionnaire (1991), Lavibond and Lavibond's depression, anxiety, and stress scale (1995). The data obtained from the research were analyzed using maximum likelihood method and Imus version 24 software.
FindingsThe results showed that the coefficient of the indirect path between the factors of conscientiousness (P=0.001) and extroversion (P=0.001) with overeating through a lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight controll was negative and the coefficient of the indirect path Between the factor of neuroticism (P=0.001) and overeating through lifestyle based on self-efficacy was positive and significant. Also, the indirect path coefficient between the extroversion factor (P=0.001) and overeating through psychological distress was negative and the indirect path coefficient between the neuroticism factor (P=0.001) and overeating through psychological distress was positive and significant.
conclusionIn general, it can be said that lifestyle based on self-efficacy in weight control and psychological distress play a mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and overeating. Therefore, therapists in the field of overeating are suggested to pay attention to effective psychological variables such as personality traits, self-efficacy and psychological distress in addition to pharmacological interventions.
Keywords: Overeating, Psychological Distress, Personality Traits, Self-Efficacy-Based Lifestyle -
BackgroundA low quality of life during pregnancy and lactation can elevate the risk of psychological complications, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and developmental issues in children. Gaining insight into the factors that affect the quality of life for pregnant and lactating women is essential for healthcare providers to create effective interventions.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the quality of life among pregnant and lactating women and to identify the factors influencing it, including sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric factors, and levels of psychological distress.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted online between February and March 2022, employing a chain referral sampling method to gather participants. A total of 409 women from Java (Indonesia) participated, comprising 249 pregnant women and 160 lactating women. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was employed to assess psychological distress, while the 36-item Short Form Health Survey measured quality of life. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression.ResultsThe mean quality of life scores did not show a significant difference between the two groups (pregnant: 67.64±13.78; lactating: 67.20±15.38; P=0.768), indicating a generally good quality of life for both. Multiple linear regression revealed that for pregnant women, significant factors affecting quality of life included occupation (P<0.05), depression (P<0.01), and anxiety (P<0.01). For lactating women, influential factors included ethnicity (P<0.05), duration of breastfeeding (P<0.05), as well as depression (P<0.01), anxiety (P<0.01), and stress (P<0.05).ConclusionBoth pregnant and lactating women reported a good quality of life; however, psychological distress, sociodemographic characteristics, and obstetric factors significantly influenced their overall well-being. It is crucial to address psychological distress through early screening and ongoing, comprehensive interventions.Keywords: Quality Of Life, Pregnant Women, Lactating Women, Sociodemographic Factors, Psychological Distress
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مجله دانشکده پزشکی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، سال شصت و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 196، مهر و آبان 1403)، صص 1171 -1183
پسوریازیس یکی از شایعترین بیماری های خودایمنی، روان تنی پوست است که با آسیب پذیری به استرس، اختلالات هیجانی، و مشکل در بیان احساسات منفی همراه است. نقش عوامل روان شناختی مانند تجارب هیجانی و به ویژه ناگویی هیجانی در سیر بالینی بسیاری از بیماری های پوستی مورد تایید قرار گرفته است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش ناگویی هیجانی و پریشانی روانشناختی در پیش بینی میزان خارش و شدت بیماری افراد مبتلا به پسوریازیس بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش مبتلایان به پسوریازیس شهر تهران در سال 1401بودند. بدین منظور با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس، 187 فرد مبتلا به بیماری پسوریازیس که در انجمن پسوریازیس ایران عضو بودند به صورت آنلاین در پژوهش مشارکت کردند. پرسشنامه های ناگویی هیجانی تورنتو (TAS)، مقیاس پریشانی روانشناختی کسلر، شاخص اندازه گیری سطح و شدت پسوریازیس (PASI)و اندازه گیری شدت خارش خود گزارش دهی را تکمیل نمودند. نتایج تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که بین ناگویی هیجانی، پریشانی روانشناختی با شدت خارش و شدت بیماری همبستگی مثبت و معنادار وجود دارد. برای بررسی نقش تعدیل کننده ناگویی هیجانی بین پریشانی روانشناختی و شدت خارش از رگرسیون گام به گام استفاده شد. یافته ها نشان می دهد بتای مربوط به تعامل ناگویی هیجانی و پریشانی روانشناختی در پیش بینی 34 درصد خارش در بیماری پسوریازیس معنادار است. اما این نتایج برای پیش بینی شدت بیماری توسط ناگویی هیجانی و پریشانی روانشناختی معنادار نبود.
کلید واژگان: پسوریازیس, ناگویی هیجانی, پریشانی روانشناختی, خارشPsoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune, psychosomatic diseases of the skin, which is accompanied by vulnerability to stress, emotional disorders, and difficulty in expressing negative feelings. The role of emotional experiences and especially alexithymia in the clinical course of many skin diseases has been confirmed. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of alexithymia and psychological distress in predicting the degree of itching and the severity of the disease in people with psoriasis. The statistical population of the study was psoriasis sufferers in 1401 from Tehran. For this purpose, with the available sampling method, 187people with psoriasis who were members of the Iranian Psoriasis Association participated in the research online. Toronto alexithymia Questionnaire (TAS-20), Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale, Psoriasis Level and Severity Index (PASI) and self-report itch intensity measurement were completed. The results of the correlation analysis showed that there is a positive and significant correlation between alexithymia, psychological distress, severity of itching and severity of the disease. Stepwise regression was used to investigate the moderating role of alexithymia between psychological distress and itching severity. The findings show that the beta related to the interaction of alexithymia and psychological distress is significant in predicting 34%of itching in psoriasis. But these results were not significant for predicting the severity of the disease by emotional ataxia and psychological distress.
Keywords: Psoriasis, Alexithymia, Psychological Distress, Itch -
زمینه
اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی پیامدهای نگران کننده ای در زندگی نوجوانان و ابعاد سلامت او دارد. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه مدل اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی مبتنی بر کارکرد خانواده، تحول مثبت و آشفتگی های روان شناختی با میانجی گری راهبردهای شناختی تنظیم هیجانی در نوجوانان انجام گرفته است.
روش کاراین پژوهش از نوع توصیفی- همبستگی بود. جامعه ی آماری پژوهش نوجوانان گروه سنی 18-15 سال در سال تحصیلی 1402-1401 در مدارس شهرستان تبریز بودند که به صورت نمونه گیری چند مرحله ای خوشه ای انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. داده ها از طریق مقیاس اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی (SNAS)، پرسش نامه تنظیم شناختی هیجان (CERQ)، مقیاس آشفتگی روان شناختی (21- DASS)، ارزیابی تحول مثبت نوجوانی (PYD-VSF) و مقیاس سنجش کارکرد خانواده مک مستر (FAD) جمع آوری شدند. در این پژوهش داده ها با استفاده از همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار SPSS و LISREL تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته هامطابق با نتایج مطالعه؛ رابطه مستقیم و معنادار بین تحول مثبت نوجوانی و راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان مثبت؛ رابطه معکوس و معنادار بین کارکرد ناسالم خانواده با راهبردهای تنظیم هیجان مثبت؛ رابطه مستقیم و معنادار بین آشفتگی روانی و راهبردهای شناختی هیجان منفی؛ و همچنین رابطه مستقیم و معنادار بین آشفتگی روانی و اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی مشاهده شد. علاوه بر این رابطه بین کارکرد ناسالم خانواده و اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی نیز معنادار بود. شاخص CFI بر برازش بسیار مطلوب و بسیار مناسب دلالت داشته و شاخص های RMSEA، GFI، AGFI و RMSR برازش مطلوب و مناسب مدل برآورد شده را تایید کردند. مطابق این نتایج کارکردهای سالم خانواده با راهبردهای شناختی مثبت تنظیم هیجان (44/2=t و 17/0=) ارتباط مستقیم و معناداری داشته است، و کارکردهای ناسالم خانواده با راهبردهای شناختی مثبت تنظیم هیجان (74/4-=t و 43/0-=) ارتباط معکوس داشت.
نتیجه گیریمولفه های آشفتگی روانی و کارکردهای ناسالم خانواده با میانجی گری راهبردهای شناختی تنظیم هیجان، اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی را پیش بینی می کند. خودتنظیمی هیجانی از طریق ابعاد کارکرد خانواده و آشفتگی های روانی می تواند مورد تقویت قرار بگیرد و نوجوانان را در جهت خود مراقبتی و تاب آوری در مقابل اعتیاد به اینترنت و شبکه های اجتماعی حفاظت کند.
کلید واژگان: اعتیاد به شبکه های اجتماعی, کارکرد خانواده, تحول مثبت, آشفتگی های روان شناختی, راهبردهای شناختی تنظیم هیجانیDepiction of Health, Volume:15 Issue: 3, 2024, PP 341 -357BackgroundThe addiction to social networks poses serious risks to the lives and well-being of adolescents. This study aimed to create a model of social media addiction that takes into account family dynamics, positive development, and psychological distress, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies acting as mediators among adolescents.
MethodsThis descriptive-correlational study included adolescents aged 15-18 years during the 2022–2023 educational year in Tabriz schools. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select the adolescents. Data were collected using the social network addiction scale (SNAS), the cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ), the depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS), the positive youth development-via strengths family scale (PYD-VSF), and the McMaster family assessment device (FAD). Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted using SPSS and LISREL software.
ResultsA strong positive correlation was found between positive youth development and effective emotion regulation strategies. Conversely, there was a notable negative correlation between dysfunctional family dynamics and effective emotion regulation strategies. Psychological distress was directly linked to ineffective emotion regulation strategies. Additionally, a significant direct connection was identified between psychological distress and social media addiction. There was also a notable relationship between dysfunctional family dynamics and social media addiction. The results from the structural equation modeling indicated a strong fit for the proposed model. Specifically, healthy family dynamics were positively correlated with effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies (t = 2.44, γ = 0.17), while dysfunctional family dynamics showed a negative correlation with these strategies (t = -4.74, γ = -0.43). In conclusion, psychological distress and dysfunctional family dynamics are predictors of social media addiction, with cognitive emotion regulation strategies serving as a mediating factor. Improving emotional self-regulation through better family dynamics and addressing psychological distress can help safeguard adolescents from addiction to the Internet and social media.
ConclusionPsychological distress and unhealthy family functioning predict social media addiction, mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Enhancing emotional self-regulation through family functioning and addressing psychological distress can protect adolescents from Internet and social media addiction.
Keywords: Social Media Addiction, Family Functioning, Positive Development, Psychological Distress, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies -
Background
Promoting adherence to treatment and self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery diseases helps to improve patient outcomes. The present study was conducted to explain the effectiveness of interventions based on information, motivation, and behavioral skills model on treatment adherence and self-efficacy in patients with coronary artery diseases.
MethodsThis explanatory-sequential study was conducted on patients with coronary artery diseases in Shiraz, Iran. First, a quasi-experimental study was conducted on 112 patients who were randomly assigned to two intervention and control groups. The intervention consisted of ten motivational training sessions that were designed based on Information, Motivation, and Behavioral Skills (IMBS) model and continued with six months of telephone follow-up and counseling. Data were collected before, three months, and six months after the end of the intervention. Then, in the second phase, a qualitative study including 20 in-depth interviews with 18 participants from the intervention group was conducted. The data were analyzed by deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis. Finally, quantitative findings were explained with the help of qualitative findings.
ResultsThe findings showed that the mean score of treatment adherence, medication adherence, and self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group 3 and 6 months after the intervention (p<0.001). The results of the qualitative phase of the study also showed that the four main categories include receiving targeted information, encouragement to care, gained self-efficacy/doubt in care, and improvement/non-improvement of treatment adherence behaviors can explain quantitative phase results.
ConclusionThe results showed that receiving training with effective methods, strengthening the support system, self-confidence and positive attitudes about care, and promoting self-management and proper management of emotional distress contributed to the effectiveness of the interventions. However, receiving conflicting information, limited financial resources, and the inability to face challenges were among the obstacles to strengthening self-efficacy and adherence to treatment.
Keywords: Coronary Artery Disease, Follow-Up Studies, Iran, Medication Adherence, Motivation, Psychological Distress, Self Efficacy, Self-Management -
مقدمه
پژوهش حاضر با هدف مدل یابی تبعیت افراد مبتلا به بیماری کرونری قلب (Coronary heart disease یا CHD) بر اساس راهبردهای مقابله ای و ادراک بیماری با میانجی گری خودکارامدی و پریشانی روان شناختی انجام شد.
روش هااین مطالعه از نوع مقطعی بود که بر روی بیماران مبتلا به CHD اجرا شد. جامعه آماری شامل بیماران مبتلا به CHD استان اصفهان و نمونه های تحقیق شامل بیماران مراجعه کننده به بیمارستان شهید چمران اصفهان بود که بر اساس نمونه گیری غیر تصادفی از نوع هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده ها با استفاده از پرسش نامه تبعیت از درمان بیماری های مزمن (Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale یا ACDS)، پرسش نامه راهبردهای مقابله ای Moss و Billings، پرسش نامه پریشانی روان شناختی Laviband و پرسش نامه خودکارامدی مدیریت بیماری قلبی- عروقی Steka و همکاران جمع آوری گردید. ارتباط میان شاخص های مختلف، با استفاده از آزمون های مقایساتی و روش های تحلیل همبستگی و در نهایت، معادلات ساختاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته هاراهبردهای مقابله ای هم به صورت مستقیم و هم با میانجی گری خودکارامدی و پریشانی روان شناختی، بر تبعیت از درمان بیماران CHD تاثیر داشت. برای آزمون مدل مذکور، روش مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری به کار گرفته شد. بدین ترتیب، همه شاخص های برازندگی حاصل از تحلیل مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری از برازش مدل ساختاری با داده های جمع آوری شده حمایت کردند [54/157، (94 = درجه آزادی) 2c، 168 = Degree of freedom (df)/2c، 959/0 = Comparative fit index (CFI)، 915/0 = Goodness of fit index (GFI)، 877/0 = Adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) و 056/0 = Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)].
نتیجه گیریمی توان نتیجه گرفت که اثر علی راهبردهای مقابله ای بر تبعیت از درمان در بیماران CHD با نقش میانجی گر پریشانی روان شناختی و خودکارامدی از برازش مناسبی برخوردار می باشد.
کلید واژگان: مهارت های مقابله ای, تبعیت از درمان, پریشانی روان شناختی, خودکارامدی, بیماری های کرونری قلب, بیمارانBackgroundIn this research, the researcher aims to model the adherence of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) based on coping strategies and disease perception with the mediation of self-efficacy and psychological distress.
MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with CHD. The statistical population included patients with CHD in Isfahan Province, Iran, with the sample consisting of patients referred to Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan City which were selected using purposeful sampling method. Data collection was done through the Adherence in Chronic Diseases Scale (ACDS), the Billings and Moss Coping Strategies Questionnaire, the Lovibond and Lovibond Psychological Distress Questionnaire, and the Cardiovascular Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire developed by Steca et al. Comparative tests, correlation analysis methods, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the relationships between different factors.
FindingsCoping strategies affected the adherence to treatment of patients with CHD, both directly and through the mediation of self-efficacy and psychological distress. The SEM method was used to test the mentioned model. The results of the analysis indicated that all the fit indices obtained from the analysis supported the fit of SEM with the compiled data [χ2 (degree of freedom or df = 94) = 157.54, χ2/df = 168, comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.959, goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.915, adjusted GFI (AGFI) = 0.877, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.056].
ConclusionIt can be concluded that coping strategies have a causal effect on adherence to treatment in patients with CHD with the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy. The model has a good fit.
Keywords: Coping Skills, Treatment Adherence, Psychological Distress, Self Efficacy, Coronary Heart Disease, Patients -
BackgroundThreatened abortion (TA) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite the attention paidto the adverse outcomes of obstetrics, only a few studies have been conducted on the psychological status of womenwith threatened abortion. This study aimed to compare the symptoms of depression and anxiety in women with TAand those without threatened abortion.Materials and MethodsIn a case-control study, 136 women with TA (the case group) and 136 women without TA(the control group), were matched with the case group in terms of gestational age, education level, age, and numberof pregnancies, were examined from Obstetric clinics of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Demographic informationand pregnancy history were obtained from all participants. Additionally, the women filled out the BSI-18questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22 software.ResultsThe results showed that in women with threatened abortion, the likelihood of experiencing depressionsymptoms was 1.9 times higher [odds ratio (OR)=1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.13-3.23, P=0.015], anxietysymptoms were 1.8 times higher (OR=1.83, 95% CI=1.08-3.10, P=0.024), and somatization was 2.6 times higher(OR=2.65, 95% CI=1.61-4.37, P<0.001) compared to pregnant women without threatened abortion. Additionally, inwomen with threatened abortion, the risk of psychological distress was 3.3 times higher (OR=3.30, 95% CI=1.96-5.56, P<0.001) than in women without threatened abortion.ConclusionThis study suggests that gynecologists, midwives, and healthcare providers, in addition to providingmedical care for women threatened with abortion, should identify women at risk of experiencing symptoms of depressionand anxiety. Providing appropriate psychological support should be prioritized in the management of women withthreatened abortion.Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Pregnancy, Psychological Distress, Threatened Abortion
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Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread physical and psychological challenges, including persistent psychological distress (PD). Research suggests that while some COVID survivors maintain satisfactory psychological functioning, others may experience long-term, severe PD. Addressing these challenges, along with associated sociodemographic determinants, requires a comprehensive, community-based approach.
ObjectivesThis study aims to determine the prevalence of PD, including depression, anxiety, and stress, among Iranian COVID survivors by analyzing various regional, temporal, and sociodemographic determinants.
MethodsThe study, conducted between July 2021 and February 2022, aimed to determine persistent PD among Iranian COVID survivors. Ethical approval and other necessary permits were obtained. The final sample size consisted of 300 participants selected from an initial pool of 11,337 medical records. Participants received questionnaires electronically, including the “Socio-Demographic Clinical Questionnaire (SDCQ)” and the “Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS21).” The study used SPSS 26 for statistical analysis, calculating means, standard deviations, and frequencies. Relationships between determinants were examined using ANOVA and chi-square tests. Bayesian regression analysis was employed to explore correlations and predictive power between COVID-19, PD, and the various determinants.
ResultsThe prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress, considered collectively as PD among participants, was 49%, 53%, and 61%, respectively, with mean severity scores of 10.68 ± 2.16 for depression, 9.18 ± 1.84 for anxiety, and 15.93 ± 2.79 for stress. More severe manifestations of PD were observed in participants from Hospital III (P > 0.05, r ≈ 0.17) and during the temporal period of 12 - 24 weeks post-infection (P < 0.05, r ≈ -0.12). Additionally, significant correlations between PD and determinants such as sex, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions, and intubation were noted (P < 0.05). Bayesian analysis further highlighted cross-correlations between PD and other determinants among Iranian COVID survivors (P < 0.05, BF < 0.1).
ConclusionsIn conclusion, the study found that Iranian COVID survivors experienced mild levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, with prevalence rates ranging from 49% to 61%. The highest severity of PD was observed in participants from Hospital III and during the period of 12 - 24 weeks post-infection. Additionally, a network of cross-correlations was identified between PD and various other determinants among Iranian COVID survivors.
Keywords: Psychological Distress, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, COVID-19, Survivors
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