جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « substance » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Drug and substance abuse is one of the most common causes of hospitalization for poisoning. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of poisoned cases with drug and substance abuse in Gorgan, Iran.
A cross-sectional study was done on patients with acute poisoning who had been hospitalized in 5 Azar hospital of Gorgan, during March 2008 to March 2015. Data were collected from patient records and then analyzed by Stata V.11 and Chi-square test.
Poisoning with drug and substance abuse included 17% (n=136) of the total poisoning cases. Among 136 cases, 81.6% were male and the average age of cases was 41.19±16.75 years. In this study, the prevalence of substance abuse and also drug abuse were 62.5% and 37.5%, respectively. Opium and its derivatives were the first substance abuse agents (71.7%) and also Tramadol was the first agent for drug abuse (51%). Finally, 13 patients (9.6%) died, among whom 10 (76.9%) died due to opium and its derivatives and also crack.
Opium and its derivatives and also Tramadol were the most common causes of hospitalization for substance and drug abuse in Gorgan that were seen most commonly among younger men.

According to WHO reports, human factors are major contributing causes in 60% of car accidents and 95% of all other accidents. The mortality rate of car accidents in Iran is over 15 times more than developed countries. Several indices contribute to the occurrence of dangerous driving behaviors. We aimed to assess the relationship between the frequency and severity of traffic accidents and aggression, smoking, and substance abuse.
This was an analytical cross-sectional survey. Data were collected in Isfahan city, Iran, during the year 2015 through distribution of two questionnaires, Buss and Perry aggression questionnaire (AGQ), and a demographic researcher-made one. The data were analyzed using chi-square, post-hoc Tukey, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, and Mann-Whitney tests via SPSS software.
Findings: From 450 drivers, 26% had AGQ score of more than 78, and in 74% the score was less than 78. Smoking and substance abuse frequencies were 40% and 16.2%, respectively. 28.8% of accidents were led to injury, 12.4% to death, and 58.8% to financial damages. Smoking and substance abuse had relationship with the number and severity of traffic accidents (P = 0.001 for both). In addition, aggression had relationship with the number (P = 0.017) and severity (P = 0.006) of traffic accidents, too.
This study shows significant correlation between the frequency and the severity of traffic accidents and aggression and substance abuse. The findings lay more emphasis on the significance of evaluating aggression and substance abuse in drivers by the responsible agencies.

Drug abuse is among the main problems at present time which seriously puts people's physical and mental health at risk. And since mental stress plays an important role in the trend to addiction and disability, it is necessary to recognize people's methods of resistance to stress.
This study was performed to determine the effect of hardiness training on self-esteem and adjustment among addicted male.
This research is a pre-post test and control group. Study sample included 200 addicted men referring to Payam addiction center in Rudsar in 2012 who agreed to participate in the study. Upon getting permission from the technical in-charge of the clinic and presenting the required description to the referred persons about the study process and its objectives, the samples responded to a three-part questionnaire consisting of personal data (age, marital status and education), Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Scale and Bell Adjustment Inventory.
Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Scale includes 58 items and the subjects chose between "Yes and No" options. The grading method of this test was as 0 and 1; positive response was 1 and negative was zero. The minimum grade a subject may take was zero and maximum was 50. In case the subject took more than 4 from eight items of the Polygraph; it means that the test validity was low and the subject attempted to show himself better than what he is.So, the subjects get the grade more than mean score, have high self-esteem and the ones get lower have less self-esteem.
Bell Adjustment Inventory (BAI) included 160 questions and 5 subscales of 32 questions that the subject responded the questions with Yes, No or I dont know; the five subscales included: adjustment at home, health, emotional, job and social. In order to obtain the grades of each adjustment field, based on the determined key 9 – 21: good adjustment; 22 – 47: average adjustment; and finally 48 – 60: weak adjustment.
In order to do the study, the justifying meeting was held for 200 qualified subjects about the study and they were requested to respond the inventory if agree. After responding to the inventory, 57 subjects got lower scores on self-esteem and adjustment. Then it was known that 30 subjects had been selected randomly; they divided into two groups of 15 subjects; control group and test group. Everybody was told they may leave the study anytime they want, and it was emphasized that during the whole training sessions, all names and study results would be kept secret. Moreover, it was reminded that upon completion of the training programs for test group, and in order to take the advantages of training programs, the control group will be under hardiness training, as well. After these processes, hardiness Training sessions were performed as lecture and group discussion for ten 90-minute sessions for test group while control group received none.
At the end after performing the sessions, during the last training sessions, the two control and test groups will complete the research tools again. In order to describe the demographic specifications of the participants and data of pre-test and post-test, the descriptive statistics were applied. ANCOVA was used to distinguish the significant effect of the independent variable on dependant variable.
The subjects were with mean age of 26.1 and majority of them (% 46.6) had secondary education. Analysis of data showed that the mean score of self-esteem in the experimental group in pretest was 21.87.42± 3.502 and 21.93±2.154 in the control group. The mean score of the Adjustment was 59.73±8.59 in the experiment and 60.67±7.62 in the control group. In the posttest, the mean score of self-esteem equaled 33.07±3.43 and the control group 23.13±2.26. Moreover, in the post test the mean of adjustment of the experimental group and the control group were 37.27±6.17 and 57±7.20, respectively. The using of covariance analysis showed that hardiness training increased self-esteem and adjustment significantly (P=0.001)
The results of this study show that participating in hardiness training meeting can affect promotion of self-esteem and adjustment in addicted men. Therefore resistance to mental stress can be increased by promoting hardiness and doing so promote health

The current study was conducted in order to assess factor structure, validity and reliability of the Persian version of Leeds Dependence Questionnaire in alcohol and substance dependent individuals in Iran. We also assess LDQ scores about a number of demographic factors.
LDQ was translated to Persian and subsequently it was translated reversely. Furthermore, it was compared with original scale. We made essential changes after using scale among 20 participants. 281 alcohol/substance dependent individuals from prison, dormitory and various rehabilitation camps were chosen and completed the questionnaire. Questionnaires of demographic information, LDQ (Leeds Dependence Questionnaire), Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) and Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS) were used in order to obtain data. Data were analyzed via LISREL8.8 software and appropriate statistical tests.
Factors power of all questions with respect to target factor was persuading. Scale reliability by Cronbach’s Alpha and Guttman scores were measured as 0.90 and 0.86 respectively. Assessment of convergent validity by computing correlation coefficient of LDQ scale with DUDIT and SDS was obtained 0.61 and 0.37. Lower starting age, using history of the family, taking several substances simultaneously and the using method of injection made the most dependency.
ž LDQ maintains acceptable reliability and validity. Hence, it appears plausible that this questionnaire is a suitable approach in order to assess alcohol and substance dependency among afflicted individuals in Iran. Regarding to demographic factors affecting on dependence severity is necessary for plans of prevention and treatment of this disorder.

This study was performed with the aim of comparing the dosage of opioid consumption for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in people with and without sleep disorder.
In this cohort study for patients who candidate for cataract surgery, Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire was completed and based on the results, patients were divided into 2 groups of normal, and sleep disorder. The same protocol was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in all patients. Total dose of fentanyl consumption was calculated and recorded.
70 patients with the mean age of 63.8 ± 10.7 years were entered (67.1% female). Demographic and baseline characteristics of the patients were not significantly different between normal and sleep disorder groups. Fentanyl consumption for induction and maintenance of anesthesia were lower in the sleep disorder group compared to the normal group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p Based on the findings of this study, it seems that although patients with sleep disorders need a lower dose of opioids for induction and maintenance of anesthesia during surgery, compared to those who are normal in this regard, the difference is not statistically significant.

In recent years the drug abuse has been changed to a risky and complicated situation among young people with a high prevalence and popularity. Resiliency skills training is one of prevention strategies related to drug addiction which recently is taken into consideration. This study examines The effect of resiliency skills training on attitude toward substance abuse in secondary school students of Khorramabad-Iran.
This study had a quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a control group conducted in the year 2012-2013 in two secondary schools of the city of Khorramabad¡ 120 students (60 girls and 60 boys) included in our study who randomly assigned to each groups. Data collected by the attitude toward substance abuse questionnaire in the two groups. Data analyzed using descriptive statistics¡ paired t-test¡ MANCOVA by SPSS software ver.16.
The results showed that before intervention¡ no significant difference was existed between the cognitive¡ emotional¡ behavioral subscales and global scores in attitude toward substance abuse questionnaire in two groups (p>0/05). After resiliency skills training scores related to subscales of cognitive¡ emotional¡ behavioral¡ general attitude and overall score of the questionnaire in the intervention and control groups showed significant differences (p The results of this study showed that resiliency skills program had positive effects on students'' attitude toward substance. With consideration of high vulnerability of adolescents related to addiction in the country¡ planning and conducting resiliency skills training programs to reduce the tendency for drug usage in young adults can be used as an effective strategy by health and social policy-makers.

Adolescents as a high-risk group are prone to addiction. This research aimed to investigate the role of depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy in the prediction of susceptibility to addiction among adolescents.
The present research was a descriptive-correlational study carried out on 546 adolescents of Lorestan province’s high school in school year 2014-2015. The samples were selected through multiple cluster sampling method. Participants responded to demographic characteristics, addiction potential, depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple linear regression.
In this study, depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy was significantly correlated with addiction potential (p The results of this study indicated that depression, family relationships, and self-efficacy are important in the prediction of addiction potential, so that these factors can explain the high degree of variability of addiction potential among adolescents.