جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Cadmium » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Milk and dairy products are nutritious and can play a significant role in a healthy diet. The safety of milk decreases with increase in concentration of Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg). The aim is to evaluate the status of Cd and Hg contamination regarding milk and dairy products in some provinces and cities of Vietnam.

367 samples of liquid milk, yogurt, cheese, milk cake and milk powder were collected in six large cities and provinces of Vietnam, then Cd and Hg levels were quantitatively analyzed. Samples were digested before analysis to remove organic compounds, and the heavy metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The average concentrations of Cd and Hg in liquid milk were 64.55 and 29.99 ppb; in yogurt, 49.09 and 24.72 ppb; in cheese, 115.81 and 33.75 ppb; in milk cake, 84.44 and 18.08 ppb; and in milk powder, 61.78 and 43.21 ppb, respectively.

Hg concentrations in 19.3% of liquid milk, 9.49% of yogurt, 14.29% of cheese, 9.09% of milk cake, and 22% of milk powder were higher than the maximum permitted levels according to national regulations. In contrast, Cd concentrations of all the samples were less than the maximum permitted levels so as not to affect the health of consumers of milk and dairy products produced and processed in Vietnam.

This study aims to determine the concentrations of urinary Cadmium (Cd) in a group of pregnant women and its association with neonatal anthropometric Indices.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted, involving 136 pregnant women in the first trimester, as a sub‑study of the PERSIAN Birth Cohort in Isfahan in 2020. Cadmium exposure was assessed by urinary concentrations using atomic absorption spectrometry. The socioeconomic information and neonatal anthropometric indices were documented. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results of the study revealed the mean (standard deviation) concentration of urinary Cd (U‑Cd) was 0.16 (0.11) µg/L. The U‑Cd by Creatinine ranged from 0.06 to 1.24 with a median (interquartile range) of 0.18 (0.12–0.26) (µg/g creatinine). The mean age of participants was 30.26 (4.92) years. Although the association between birth height and birth head circumference was inverse, it was not significant after using the adjusted model for confounder variables, including maternal anthropometric measurements, maternal body mass index, passive smoking status, and socioeconomic demographic.

The current findings show that maternal Cd exposure was reversely associated with physical growth at birth. Hence, reduction of maternal Cd exposure is essential to improve infant health. Further research is required to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to Cd on adverse health outcomes in long‑term periods considering other cofounders and metal pollutants.

Investigating the impact of cadmium (Cd) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and its potential mechanism was the purpose of the current study.

Cd was cultivated in different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μM) on AF cells and the potential effects of the metal were assessed. Using the CCK-8 method, cell viability and proliferation were identified. Using transcriptome analysis, the annulus fibrosus cells were sequenced both with and without cadmium chloride. The EdU method was used to determine the rate of cell proliferation; senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining was used to determine the number of positive cells; and western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of senescence-associated proteins (p16, p21, and p53) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).

According to the findings, Cd has the ability to increase the production of senescence-associated genes (p16 and p21) and senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), which includes IL-1β and IL-6. Through the JNK/p53 signal pathway, Cd exposure simultaneously accelerated AF cell senescence and promoted SASP. Following JNK inhibitor (SP600125) treatment, the expression of p53, JNK, and senescence-associated indices were all down-regulated.

By activating the JNK/p53 signaling pathway, Cd can induce oxidative stress damage and AF cell senescence. These findings could provide a new approach for treating and preventing intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) caused by Cd exposure.

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can contaminate water sources and pose serious health risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing low-cost and eco-friendly methods for cadmium removal from water. In this research, we investigated the efficacy of barley straw in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent utilized was laboratory-scaled barley straw that underwent pulverization via standard ASTM sieves, specifically those within the 40 to 120-mesh sieve size range. The functionalization of barley straw was achieved via treatment with a 0.8 M NaOH solution. The adsorbent was subsequently characterized by FTIR analysis to identify the presence of functional groups. The FTIR analysis indicated that the modification of barley straw led to an elevation in the stretch vibration band of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. At the optimized experimental condition, a cadmium removal efficiency of up to 98.60% was achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of barley straw as an effective adsorbent for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can contaminate water sources and pose serious health risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing low-cost and eco-friendly methods for cadmium removal from water. In this research, we investigated the efficacy of barley straw in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent utilized was laboratory-scaled barley straw that underwent pulverization via standard ASTM sieves, specifically those within the 40 to 120-mesh sieve size range. The functionalization of barley straw was achieved via treatment with a 0.8 M NaOH solution. The adsorbent was subsequently characterized by FTIR analysis to identify the presence of functional groups. The FTIR analysis indicated that the modification of barley straw led to an elevation in the stretch vibration band of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. At the optimized experimental condition, a cadmium removal efficiency of up to 98.60% was achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of barley straw as an effective adsorbent for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.

Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, experienced a surge in production during the 20th century due to the rise of nickel-cadmium batteries, metal plating, and plastic stabilizers. Exposure to cadmium primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, such as vegetables and grains, as well as drinking water or inhaling polluted air. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between cadmium exposure and the incidence of prostate cancer using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

This research involved searching and retrieving observational and experimental studies conducted until May 2022 from various databases, including ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15 statistical software.

The initial search yielded 794 articles, which were subsequently reduced to 427 articles after eliminating duplicates. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio of prostate cancer compared to the first quartile of exposure in the second quartile was 1.03 (0.95-1.12), in the third quartile it was 1.12 (0.99-1.26) and in the fourth quartile of exposure was equal to 1.16 (0.79-1.70). Regarding the investigation of the probability of the occurrence of publication bias, the results of Begg's and Egger's tests were not statistically significant.

Although exposure to cadmium leads to an increase in the chance of prostate cancer, this chance increase was not statistically significant.

The desire for beauty and frequent use of cosmetics can expose humans to heavy metals, which can cause immune system disorders over time. We selected 5 common lipstick brands to determine the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr). We prepared each sample by acid digestion, and then the concentration of the metals was measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that Pb, Cd, and Cr were present in all lipstick samples. However, their concentrations were lower than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. The maximum concentrations of Pb and Cd were 2.31 mg/kg (brand A) and 0.037 mg/kg (brand D), respectively. Health risk assessment of the examined metals showed that only Cr can pose non-carcinogenic (14.98) and carcinogenic (44.96E-04) risks to consumers. Despite the low concentration of heavy metals in our study, chronic use of lipstick can pose carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to the presence of Cr.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that is known to accumulate in various organs and tissues in the body, including the testes. Exposure to Cd has been shown to cause significant testicular damage, including impaired spermatogenesis and decreased fertility in both humans and animals. This damage is thought to be due to Cd-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which can lead to cellular damage and apoptosis. Cd has also been shown to disrupt the blood-testis barrier, leading to increased permeability and an altered testicular microenvironment. In addition, Cd exposure has been linked to changes in hormone levels, including decreased testosterone production and altered gonadotropin secretion. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in the activity of antioxidant enzymes cause oxidative stress. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling system, which controls multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), is activated by oxidative stress. These effects can contribute to decreased sperm count, motility, and viability. Efforts to reduce exposure to Cd may help to prevent or mitigate the harmful effects on testicular function. This can be achieved through occupational and environmental regulations, as well as public education and awareness programs. In this review, we highlight many of the principal mechanisms included in testicular damage. These pathways could be considered promising targets for the development of potential therapies for a variety of important human diseases.

Nowadays, infertility problems impose a heavy burden on many developing countries. Previous studies have shown that the testes are a target organ of cadmium poisoning, which may explain the decline in male fertility. On the other hand, many studies have shown protective and antioxidative properties of silymarin against adverse effects of chemotherapy medications and environmental toxins in sperms and oocytes. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the protective effect of silymarin against cadmium nanoparticle-induced toxicity in the reproductive system of rats.

In this experimental study, 60 male rats weighing 190±10g, aged 90 days, were divided into six groups of 10 each. Rats of each group received cadmium (10mg/kg body weight) and silymarin (200 mg/kg body weight), for 14 and 28 days, according to the experimental protocol. After killing the male rats, blood tissue samples were collected, and their serum was separated. Then luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were evaluated by the ELISA method. Also, serum levels of antioxidants, including malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were investigated.

After nano-cadmium treatment, the levels of male sex hormones, including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone, as well as the levels of antioxidants, including malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, decreased. However, after a longer period of time (14 and 28 days, respectively), the levels of hormones and antioxidants improved significantly due to the effect of silymarin (p<0.05).

Silymarin significantly reduces cadmium-induced reproductive damage in rats.

The contamination of food with heavy metals is a significant concern for humans. Among food products, milk and dairy products have received more attention due to their widespread consumption at all ages, particularly among children. The aim of this study is to determine the concentration of lead and cadmium in milk and dairy products in Zanjan.

132 samples of milk, doogh, yogurt, and cream were collected from Zanjan city during the winter and summer of 2020-2021. The lead and cadmium levels in the samples were quantified using microwave digestion and graffiti furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The average concentrations of lead and cadmium in traditional milk, industrial milk, doogh, full-fat yogurt, low-fat yogurt, and cream samples were 96.23, 89.91, 78.79, 49.79, 53.74, 106.08, and 2.76, 2.07, 2.59, 1.09, 1.34, 5.60 µg/kg, respectively. The mean lead concentrations in milk and dairy products during winter were significantly higher than those during summer, whereas the mean cadmium concentrations during summer were higher than those during winter for all dairy products.

The lead and cadmium concentrations in most of the samples exceeded the WHO-FAO standards of 20 and 2.6 µg/kg for lead and cadmium, respectively. Therefore, prompt action is necessary to address this issue.

Cadmium is a toxic metal that affects many organ systems in the body. Medetomidine is an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist reported to reduce glutathione (GSH) levels in tissues. We used the effect of medetomidine to determine GSH levels and turnover rates in the brain and liver of mice acutely treated with cadmium. Female mice  were treated with either saline (control) or cadmium chloride at 2 mg cadmium/5 ml saline/kg of body weight, itraperitoneally (ip), followed one hour later with medetomidine at 0.2 mg/kg of body weight, ip. Five hours after the medetomidine administration, the mice were sacrificed using terminal ether anesthesia to obtain the whole brain and liver. GSH level was determined in the homogenized brain or liver spectrophotometrically. Turnover parameters (efflux rate constant-k, turnover time, and turnover rate) of GSH were estimated by a steady state kinetic relationship. The levels of GSH after medetomidine or cadmium + medetomidine treatments were reduced in the brain (12.4% and 11.4%, respectively) and liver (3.8% and 15.1%, respectively) of mice in comparison with respective control values. Cadmium reduced GSH trunover rate in the brain of mice by 8% with a corresponding decrease in k value by 8% and an increase of 9%  in the turnover time. In the liver, it increased the turnover rate by 320% with a corresponding increase in k value by 319% and a reduction of turnover time by 76%. In conclusion, cadmium differentially affected GSH levels and turnover rates in the brain and liver of mice. Medetomidine administration was found to be a potential simple tool to determine GSH turnover and related parameters in tissues.

Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests early in childhood but the pathogenic risks are controversial, and some environmental factors are thought to be involved. The association between toxic heavy metals and autism is currently a subject of research, and studies are underway on the role of toxic heavy metals in Egypt, focusing on the social, cultural, and environmental aspects. We investigated the aluminum, cadmium and lead levels in the hair and blood samples of Egyptian autistic children.

This study was conducted between July 2021 and December 2022 on 32 children with diagnosed autism, aged three to 13 years old, whom were compared with 30 age- and gender-matched children (normal controls). These children were subjected to childhood autism rating scale (CARS), and IQ tests. Also, the aluminum, cadmium, and lead levels were measured in their hair and blood samples for further statistical analyses.

The autistic children had significantly higher levels of aluminum, lead, and cadmium in the hair samples compared to those of the controls. Also, the blood levels of aluminum and cadmium were significantly higher in the autistic children. Those with severe autism had a higher level of hair aluminum compared to those with mild autism. We found positive correlations among the CARS data versus hair aluminum and blood cadmium levels. The regression analyses on blood cadmium levels were also predictive of CARS.

The study findings suggest a likely role for the three heavy metals as being the potential environmental triggers of autism in children.

Exercise and dietary supplements can partially mitigate the negative effects of cadmium. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming and silymarin on placental growth factor (PLGF) in pregnant mice exposed to cadmium.

Seventy-two 8-week-old pregnant Wistar rats (weighing 20 ± 200 g) were divided into 9 groups, with 8 rats in each group. Cadmium chloride at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight was fed to rats by drinking a water solution. Silymarin (100 mg/kg body weight) was injected subcutaneously 3 times a week. The exercise program during pregnancy consisted of 60 minutes of swimming per day, conducted for 5 days a week. The microscopic sections of samples were taken 2 days after birth using the usual method of tissue sectioning. A 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test at the error level of 0.05 were used to analyze the data.

The PLGF index in the cadmium group showed a significant decrease (P < 0.001) compared to the cadmium + silymarin and cadmium + silymarin and swimming groups. However, swimming training alone had no effect on PLGF index (P = 0.162).

Cadmium significantly reduced PLGF levels in neonatal lung tissue, and regular swimming endurance exercises and silymarin supplementation inhibited the effects of cadmium chloride.

Cadmium (CD) causes widespread and severe toxic effects on various tissues. Studies have shown that apoptosis, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress play a role in organ damage caused by CD. Phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant effects are found in various fruits and vegetables. One of these compounds is Gallic acid (GA), which is found both free and hydrolyzable in grapes, pomegranate, tea, hops, and oak bark. Result of various studies show that GA has active antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. In our study, we investigated the mechanism of the protective effect of GA on CD-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.  In this study, 50 adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing approximately 200–250 g were used and the rats were divided into 5 groups: Control, CD, GA50+CD, GA100+CD, and GA100. The rats were treated with GA (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight), and Cd (6.5 mg/kg) was administrated to the rats for 5 consecutive days. The liver enzymes, TB levels in serum samples, oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stresses, apoptosis marker, histopathology, 8-OHDG, and caspase-3 positivity were analyzed.  CD administration significantly increased liver enzyme levels (AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH), MDA, IL-1-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, GRP78, CHOP, ATF6, p -IRE1, sXBP, Bax mRNA expression, Caspase 3, and 8-OHdG expression (P<0.05). These values were found to be significantly lower in the Control, GA100+CD, and GA100 groups compared to the CD group (P<0.05). CD administration significantly decreased the expression levels of TB, IL-4, SOD, GSH, CAT, GPX, and Bcl-2 mRNA (P<0.05). These values were found to be significantly higher in the Control, GA100+CD, and GA100 groups compared to the CD group (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicated that GA prevented Cd-induced hepatic oxidative stress, inflammation, ER stress, apoptosis, and tissue damage in rats.