Cadmium

Cadmium-induced male infertility is associated with oxidative stress. There are however no literature on its effect on Cadmium-induced male reproductive toxicity and hence this.

Twenty male wistar rats were separated into four groups of 5 rats each namely; control, Cadmium-only, STC30-only and Cadmium+STC30. Daily administration was for 28 days after which blood and testicular samples collected for determination of relevant parameters.

The results showed significant body weight decrease in the Cadmium-only group compared with the control, Cadmium+STC30 and STC30-only (p<0.05). Testicular and epididymal weights were significantly reduced in the Cadmium-only compared with control, STC30-only and Cadmium+STC30 groups (p<0.05). Sperm count, viability and motility were significantly reduced in the Cadmium-only compared with the control (p<0.05) STC30-only and Cadmium+STC30 (p<0.05). Teratozotospermia was significantly elevated in the Cadmium-only compared with the control, Cadmium+STC30 and STC30-only  (p<0.05). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone were significantly reduced in the Cadmium-only compared with the control groups (p<0.05). Testicular malomdialdehyde and TBARS were significantly increased in the Cadmium-only (p<0.05) compared with the control, STC30-only and STC30+Cadmium (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase activities and total antioxidant capacity in testes were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the Cadmium-only compared with the control, STC30-only and Cadmium+STC30 groups. Sections of the testes showed significantly reduced Johnsen score in the Cadmium-only and Cadmium+STC30 groups compared with control (p<0.05), higher in STC30-only and Cd+STC30 than Cadmium-only. In conclusion, STC30 ameliorates Cadmium-induced male reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress in Wistar rats.

Recent studies have revealed that Portulaca oleracea possesses both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities. In this work, the effects of P. oleracea methanolic extract against cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity in rats were examined.

Eight separate groups of male albino Wistar rats were randomly assigned to different experimental groups. The initial group was administered normal saline as the control group. The next group was given a single dose of 2 mg/kg of cadmium for two weeks in a row, designated as the positive group. The same daily treatment was given to all three groups, consisting of 3, 4, and 5 rats, for a duration of two weeks. The rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were given purslane extract in doses of 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg/day, respectively, three hours prior to the administration of cadmium at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day. In the pre-treatment studies, groups 6, 7, and 8 received the extract daily for a period of two weeks at doses of 400, 600, and 800 mg/kg. After the final administration of the extract, cadmium sulfate was administered daily at a dose of 2 mg/kg for two weeks, starting 24 hours later. All administrations were done intraperitoneally. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). Furthermore, tissue changes were examined through histopathological observations.

The study findings indicated that the levels of BUN and Scr were significantly elevated in the group exposed to cadmium compared to the group given normal saline (P < 0.05). Treatment with P. oleracea effectively reversed these changes towards normal levels (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results were confirmed and backed up by a histological analysis.

Based on these results, P. oleracea extract seems to have potential as a novel preservative to stop further renal damage in cases of renal toxicity caused by cadmium.

Milk and dairy products are nutritious and can play a significant role in a healthy diet. The safety of milk decreases with increase in concentration of Cadmium (Cd) and Mercury (Hg). The aim is to evaluate the status of Cd and Hg contamination regarding milk and dairy products in some provinces and cities of Vietnam.

367 samples of liquid milk, yogurt, cheese, milk cake and milk powder were collected in six large cities and provinces of Vietnam, then Cd and Hg levels were quantitatively analyzed. Samples were digested before analysis to remove organic compounds, and the heavy metal concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

The average concentrations of Cd and Hg in liquid milk were 64.55 and 29.99 ppb; in yogurt, 49.09 and 24.72 ppb; in cheese, 115.81 and 33.75 ppb; in milk cake, 84.44 and 18.08 ppb; and in milk powder, 61.78 and 43.21 ppb, respectively.

Hg concentrations in 19.3% of liquid milk, 9.49% of yogurt, 14.29% of cheese, 9.09% of milk cake, and 22% of milk powder were higher than the maximum permitted levels according to national regulations. In contrast, Cd concentrations of all the samples were less than the maximum permitted levels so as not to affect the health of consumers of milk and dairy products produced and processed in Vietnam.

This study aims to determine the concentrations of urinary Cadmium (Cd) in a group of pregnant women and its association with neonatal anthropometric Indices.

This cross‑sectional study was conducted, involving 136 pregnant women in the first trimester, as a sub‑study of the PERSIAN Birth Cohort in Isfahan in 2020. Cadmium exposure was assessed by urinary concentrations using atomic absorption spectrometry. The socioeconomic information and neonatal anthropometric indices were documented. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical package. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The results of the study revealed the mean (standard deviation) concentration of urinary Cd (U‑Cd) was 0.16 (0.11) µg/L. The U‑Cd by Creatinine ranged from 0.06 to 1.24 with a median (interquartile range) of 0.18 (0.12–0.26) (µg/g creatinine). The mean age of participants was 30.26 (4.92) years. Although the association between birth height and birth head circumference was inverse, it was not significant after using the adjusted model for confounder variables, including maternal anthropometric measurements, maternal body mass index, passive smoking status, and socioeconomic demographic.

The current findings show that maternal Cd exposure was reversely associated with physical growth at birth. Hence, reduction of maternal Cd exposure is essential to improve infant health. Further research is required to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to Cd on adverse health outcomes in long‑term periods considering other cofounders and metal pollutants.

Investigating the impact of cadmium (Cd) on annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and its potential mechanism was the purpose of the current study.

Cd was cultivated in different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 μM) on AF cells and the potential effects of the metal were assessed. Using the CCK-8 method, cell viability and proliferation were identified. Using transcriptome analysis, the annulus fibrosus cells were sequenced both with and without cadmium chloride. The EdU method was used to determine the rate of cell proliferation; senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining was used to determine the number of positive cells; and western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression of senescence-associated proteins (p16, p21, and p53) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).

According to the findings, Cd has the ability to increase the production of senescence-associated genes (p16 and p21) and senescence-associated secreted phenotype (SASP), which includes IL-1β and IL-6. Through the JNK/p53 signal pathway, Cd exposure simultaneously accelerated AF cell senescence and promoted SASP. Following JNK inhibitor (SP600125) treatment, the expression of p53, JNK, and senescence-associated indices were all down-regulated.

By activating the JNK/p53 signaling pathway, Cd can induce oxidative stress damage and AF cell senescence. These findings could provide a new approach for treating and preventing intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) caused by Cd exposure.

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can contaminate water sources and pose serious health risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing low-cost and eco-friendly methods for cadmium removal from water. In this research, we investigated the efficacy of barley straw in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent utilized was laboratory-scaled barley straw that underwent pulverization via standard ASTM sieves, specifically those within the 40 to 120-mesh sieve size range. The functionalization of barley straw was achieved via treatment with a 0.8 M NaOH solution. The adsorbent was subsequently characterized by FTIR analysis to identify the presence of functional groups. The FTIR analysis indicated that the modification of barley straw led to an elevation in the stretch vibration band of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. At the optimized experimental condition, a cadmium removal efficiency of up to 98.60% was achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of barley straw as an effective adsorbent for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.

Cadmium is a toxic metal that can contaminate water sources and pose serious health risks to humans and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for developing low-cost and eco-friendly methods for cadmium removal from water. In this research, we investigated the efficacy of barley straw in removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent utilized was laboratory-scaled barley straw that underwent pulverization via standard ASTM sieves, specifically those within the 40 to 120-mesh sieve size range. The functionalization of barley straw was achieved via treatment with a 0.8 M NaOH solution. The adsorbent was subsequently characterized by FTIR analysis to identify the presence of functional groups. The FTIR analysis indicated that the modification of barley straw led to an elevation in the stretch vibration band of hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. At the optimized experimental condition, a cadmium removal efficiency of up to 98.60% was achieved. These results demonstrate the potential of barley straw as an effective adsorbent for removing cadmium ions from aqueous solutions.

Cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, experienced a surge in production during the 20th century due to the rise of nickel-cadmium batteries, metal plating, and plastic stabilizers. Exposure to cadmium primarily occurs through the consumption of contaminated food, such as vegetables and grains, as well as drinking water or inhaling polluted air. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between cadmium exposure and the incidence of prostate cancer using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.

This research involved searching and retrieving observational and experimental studies conducted until May 2022 from various databases, including ISI Web of Science, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15 statistical software.

The initial search yielded 794 articles, which were subsequently reduced to 427 articles after eliminating duplicates. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio of prostate cancer compared to the first quartile of exposure in the second quartile was 1.03 (0.95-1.12), in the third quartile it was 1.12 (0.99-1.26) and in the fourth quartile of exposure was equal to 1.16 (0.79-1.70). Regarding the investigation of the probability of the occurrence of publication bias, the results of Begg's and Egger's tests were not statistically significant.

Although exposure to cadmium leads to an increase in the chance of prostate cancer, this chance increase was not statistically significant.

The desire for beauty and frequent use of cosmetics can expose humans to heavy metals, which can cause immune system disorders over time. We selected 5 common lipstick brands to determine the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr). We prepared each sample by acid digestion, and then the concentration of the metals was measured using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The results showed that Pb, Cd, and Cr were present in all lipstick samples. However, their concentrations were lower than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. The maximum concentrations of Pb and Cd were 2.31 mg/kg (brand A) and 0.037 mg/kg (brand D), respectively. Health risk assessment of the examined metals showed that only Cr can pose non-carcinogenic (14.98) and carcinogenic (44.96E-04) risks to consumers. Despite the low concentration of heavy metals in our study, chronic use of lipstick can pose carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks due to the presence of Cr.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that is known to accumulate in various organs and tissues in the body, including the testes. Exposure to Cd has been shown to cause significant testicular damage, including impaired spermatogenesis and decreased fertility in both humans and animals. This damage is thought to be due to Cd-induced oxidative stress and inflammation, which can lead to cellular damage and apoptosis. Cd has also been shown to disrupt the blood-testis barrier, leading to increased permeability and an altered testicular microenvironment. In addition, Cd exposure has been linked to changes in hormone levels, including decreased testosterone production and altered gonadotropin secretion. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an imbalance in the activity of antioxidant enzymes cause oxidative stress. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling system, which controls multiple genes involved in inflammatory responses including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), is activated by oxidative stress. These effects can contribute to decreased sperm count, motility, and viability. Efforts to reduce exposure to Cd may help to prevent or mitigate the harmful effects on testicular function. This can be achieved through occupational and environmental regulations, as well as public education and awareness programs. In this review, we highlight many of the principal mechanisms included in testicular damage. These pathways could be considered promising targets for the development of potential therapies for a variety of important human diseases.

Nowadays, infertility problems impose a heavy burden on many developing countries. Previous studies have shown that the testes are a target organ of cadmium poisoning, which may explain the decline in male fertility. On the other hand, many studies have shown protective and antioxidative properties of silymarin against adverse effects of chemotherapy medications and environmental toxins in sperms and oocytes. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the protective effect of silymarin against cadmium nanoparticle-induced toxicity in the reproductive system of rats.

In this experimental study, 60 male rats weighing 190±10g, aged 90 days, were divided into six groups of 10 each. Rats of each group received cadmium (10mg/kg body weight) and silymarin (200 mg/kg body weight), for 14 and 28 days, according to the experimental protocol. After killing the male rats, blood tissue samples were collected, and their serum was separated. Then luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone were evaluated by the ELISA method. Also, serum levels of antioxidants, including malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase were investigated.

After nano-cadmium treatment, the levels of male sex hormones, including luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone, as well as the levels of antioxidants, including malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase, decreased. However, after a longer period of time (14 and 28 days, respectively), the levels of hormones and antioxidants improved significantly due to the effect of silymarin (p<0.05).

Silymarin significantly reduces cadmium-induced reproductive damage in rats.