Resilience

Given the widespread occurrence of aggression among female students and its associated detrimental effects, investigating effective intervention strategies is crucial. This study examined the impact of emotion-focused therapy (EFT) on distress tolerance and resilience in female students exhibiting aggressive tendencies. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test, and a one-month follow-up design. The population consisted of female students with aggression symptoms who referred to educational counseling centers in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. Fifty female students exhibiting aggressive symptoms were recruited via convenience sampling and subsequently randomized into either an experimental group or a control group (n=25 per group). The study participants in the experimental group underwent eight weekly 90-minute sessions of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT). The Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were employed for data collection. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed using SPSS version 25 to analyze the data. Our results showed that EFT significantly increased distress tolerance and resilience in female students with aggression symptoms. At pre-test, both groups had similar mean scores on the distress tolerance (34.16±4.03 for EFT, 33.80±4.15 for control) and the resilience (38.00±6.70 for EFT, 38.04±6.70 for control). After the EFT intervention, the experimental group showed a significant increase in distress tolerance (M=62.40, SD=2.00) and resilience (M=72.80, SD=2.06) as compared with the control group (M=32.32, SD=4.33; M=37.76, SD=6.86, respectively) (P<0.001). The observed effects persisted at the onemonth follow-up assessment (P<0.001). The study demonstrated that EFT is a highly effective intervention for helping female students with aggression issues. It improves their ability to manage distressing emotions and build resilience. Schools and mental health professionals should consider using EFT as part of their programs to address aggression and promote positive mental health in female students.

The pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) faced numerous challenges, particularly during the COVID-19 crisis. Due to the supply chain (SC) 's vulnerabilities, it requires enhanced capabilities to address these challenges. In Iran, specific economic and political issues have intensified the vulnerabilities of the PSC.

This study investigates the issues caused by the COVID-19 crisis in the PSC, identifies and characterizes these issues, and recommends appropriate courses of action to address future SC disruptions.

This study is a qualitative-quantitative analysis conducted in Iran during the COVID-19 crisis. Qualitative thematic analysis was performed from July 2022 until May 2023. Semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 23 Iranian PSC specialists were conducted until saturation was reached. The qualitative phase was analyzed using MAXQDA 2021. The quantitative phase included a survey of 547 individuals working in pharmaceutical manufacturing in Iran, with the questionnaires analyzed using SPSS 26.

In the qualitative phase, the research identified two main themes: (1) vulnerabilities and (2) capabilities, along with 15 subthemes providing solutions to enhance the resilience of the PSC. In the quantitative phase, findings from 64 questionnaires highlighted major vulnerabilities and capabilities necessary to create a resilient SC. The median score for vulnerabilities was 5.12, while the median score for capabilities was 5.39.

According to the questionnaire results, the quantitative findings indicate that capabilities received a higher score, suggesting that this sector of the PSC demonstrated better resilience against the pandemic. This study, with its contextual focus, mixed-method approach, comprehensive analysis of vulnerabilities and capabilities, and sector-specific insights, offers a novel contribution to the understanding of SC resilience within Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturing. It also has the potential to promote further research in other sectors of the PSC.

Work-related stress, as described in the literature on occupations, refers to the negative response of individuals when faced with high levels of pressure or other demands in the workplace.  The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training in coping with occupational stress on emotion regulation, anxiety sensitivity, and resilience among Bank Mellat employees. The research conducted was a quasi-experimental study that included a pretest-posttest design with a control group. A total of 670 employees at Bank Mellat in District 2 of Tehran participated in the study, selected from 53 branches using cluster random sampling during the spring of 2022. Out of the total participants, 36 employees were randomly chosen and assigned equally to two groups: an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 18 participants. The experimental group underwent weekly training sessions for ten weeks, with each session lasting 120 minutes, aimed at managing occupational stress. The tools utilized in the study were the Job Stress Questionnaire, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 21, utilizing the multivariate analysis of covariance technique.  The study on coping with occupational stress at a 95% confidence level indicated a positive impact on the emotion regulation (P<0.05), anxiety sensitivity (P<0.05), and resilience (P<0.05) of Bank Mellat employees.  Therefore, it can be concluded that training in coping with occupational stress had a significant positive effect on improving emotion regulation and resilience and reducing anxiety sensitivity in employees

Today, the global focus is shifting toward non-communicable and chronic illnesses, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.   

This study aimed to explore the impact of attachment to God as a mediator in the relationship between death anxiety and resilience among grade four liver disease patients. 

The present study was part of descriptive-correlational research and used cross-sectional research methods and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study included all grade four liver disease patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, between from August to October 2023. The statistical sample included 211 grade four liver disease patients selected through purposive sampling. Research tools included the Death Anxiety Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Attachment to God Inventory. SPSS software (version 27) was used to perform descriptive statistics, and SmartPLS software (version 4) was used to conduct path analysis between variables. 

The findings of the present study showed that death anxiety had a significant negative impact on resilience (β=-0.516, P<0.001). Similarly, death anxiety significantly and negatively impacted attachment to God (β=-0.636, P<0.001). However, attachment to God, as a mediating variable, did not significantly impact resilience (β=0.111, P=0.101). 

The results indicated that having a connection to God can lower death anxiety in grade four liver disease patients. Additionally, the study found that as death anxiety increases in grade four liver disease patients, their level of resilience and attachment to God decreases.

Considering the many physical and psychological stresses in old age, it seems necessary to investigate the factors affecting the resilience and spiritual health of this group of people. For this reason, the present study was conducted to determine the components of spiritual health in predicting the resilience of older adults in Urmia City in 1402.

In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional correlational study, 180 married elderly individuals living in Urmia were selected through cluster sampling. The Spiritual Health and Resilience questionnaires were used in addition to the demographic questionnaire to collect data in this research. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 statistical software as well as descriptive statistical tests (mean and standard deviation, frequency, and percentage) and analytical tests (Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression) at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Multiple regression analysis showed that the three variables of existential health (p < 0.00001), age (p < 0.00001), and number of children (p < 0.032) can significantly predict the resilience variable. In other words, with an increase in existential health and age, there is expected to be an increase in the resilience of the elderly. However, with an increase in the number of children, the resilience will decrease.

The results of the present study can help health service providers identify effective resources for strengthening resilience in elderly empowerment planning. Resilience by creating better-coping strategies and defense mechanisms can enable older adults to address flexibility issues and be less exposed to mental and emotional disorders of old age.

There is widespread consensus that the healthcare system relies heavily on its human resources. Consequently, the capacity and capability of human resources are crucial factors in the success of healthcare systems.

This study examines the correlation between resilience, burnout, and productivity among employees of the health system in Iran.

A cross-sectional study with an analytical approach was conducted at Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) in southern Iran in 2023. The research population included all employees of health centers and hospitals at ZAUMS, with a sample size of 350 participants. Data were collected using three standard questionnaires: Connor and Davidson's resilience scale, Moslesh's job burnout scale, and a human resource productivity questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

The findings showed that 56.6% of participants were female, and the mean age was 34.3 ± 7.6 years. The total scores for resilience, job burnout, and productivity were 90.0, 85.3, and 73.4, respectively. Job burnout was significantly higher among hospital employees compared to those in health centers (P = 0.001). The results also indicated that as staff age increased, their workplace resilience improved. Additionally, resilience was positively correlated with productivity (P = 0.001). However, no significant correlation was found between job burnout and either productivity or resilience (P = 0.532 and P = 0.476, respectively).

Increasing employees' resilience is essential for boosting their productivity. Efforts to enhance resilience should focus on three key dimensions: Courage, optimism, and cooperation. Providing resilience-enhancing training for hospital and health center employees, along with strategies to address burnout, can be highly effective. Furthermore, managing the relationship between supervisors and employees, designing an appropriate work environment, and fostering work engagement can improve workplace interactions and reduce job-related stress by increasing resilience.

Given the importance of spiritual health, resilience, and Self-efficacy in medical students for coping with the challenges of their long training path, this study was conducted to analyze these variables and their correlations among a group of medical students.

This descriptive study was performed on 300 medical students. The subjects were randomly selected, their demographic information recorded, and they were asked to carefully complete the questionnaires. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Sherer’s Self-efficacy Scale were used to measure spiritual health, resilience, and Self-efficacy, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and EQS 6.4. Results were reported as mean ± SD, and statistical significance was set at P-value ≤ 0.05.

In this study, the mean scores for spiritual health, resilience, and Self-efficacy were 73.02, 79.67, and 59.01, respectively. The results showed a positive and significant correlation between religious health and resilience (β = 0.34, P < 0.001) and between existential health and resilience (β = 0.33, P < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was found between religious health and Self-efficacy, both directly and indirectly (β = 0.85, P < 0.001), and between existential health and Self-efficacy indirectly (β = 0.29, P < 0.001). Furthermore, resilience had a direct effect on Self-efficacy (β = 0.87, P < 0.001).

Spiritual health can predict resilience and Self-efficacy. Since individuals with high mental health demonstrate greater resilience, it can be concluded that providing supportive factors, such as religion and spirituality, to enhance mental health and spiritual intelligence can lead to improved resilience and Self-efficacy.

The current study aimed at assessing the ability of system resilience against threats using an integrated method based on entropy and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) in an oil company.

The threats were identified through field observation, literature review, and expert opinion in the industry. Afterward, the required data were gathered, and the resilience status was examined using three structured questionnaires for each category of the threats. The weights of resilience criteria computed for each group of the threats using entropy, and were then ranked through the TOPSIS method.

Learning (0.34) and anticipating (0.15) had the highest and lowest impacts on the category of regular threats, respectively. In the case of irregular threats, anticipating (0.31) and monitoring (0.21) had the highest and lowest impacts, respectively. As for unexampled threats, learning and anticipating (0.26) had the highest impact, and responding (0.23) had the lowest impact. The results of TOPSIS analysis indicated that regular threats, irregular threats, and unexampled threats were ranked in the first, second, and third positions with scores of 0.52, 0.48, and 0.46, respectively.

To ameliorate resilience in complicated systems, managers should strengthen RE-related indicators along with working on the indicators which are in poor condition. The findings of this study can be used by managers and decision-makers to identify system weaknesses and improve comprehensive technical and applied plans.

Paying attention to the psychological well-being of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) is necessary, since they are prone to physical and mental problems caused by emergency work. Resilience plays an important role in reducing stress. The present study aimed to find the relationship between psychological well-being and resilience of EMTs in Yazd, Iran.

This descriptive-correlational study was conducted in 2023 on 137 EMTs working in the emergency departments and accident management centers in Yazd province, who were selected by a simple random sampling method. Ryff’s psychological well-being scale (PWBS) and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure psychological well-being and resilience. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 16 using descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon test, and the Pearson correlation test.

A positive and significant correlation was found between the variable of resilience and psychological well-being. A significant difference was found in the mean score of PWBS based on gender (P<0.05). The mean total scores of CD-RISC and PWBS were 94.43±13.9 and 74±9.77, respectively. Among the domains of CD-RISC, the highest score was related to personal competence (30.71±5.29). Among the domains of PWBS, the highest score was related to positive relationships with others (13.62±2.71). 

There is a positive relationship between the psychological well-being and resilience of EMTs in Iran. It is necessary for planners and policymakers in Iran to develop stress reduction programs to promote the psychological well-being and resilience of EMTs by considering the importance of communication with others, personal competence, and spirituality.

Aggressive behavior is a common emotional manifestation among students of all grades. The present study aimed to establish the correlation between resilience, self-control, self-regulation, and decision-making style with aggressive behavior in adolescents.

In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2022 in Marvdasht, Iran, 469 students with a mean age of 15.48±1.74 years were recruited. Standard questionnaires were used to collect data on aggression, resilience, self-control, self-regulation, and decision-making style. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and Amos version 24, with a significance level of P<0.05. Statistical methods including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, linear regression, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were employed for analysis.

The findings revealed significant negative correlations between self-regulation (r=-0.577, P<0.001), self-control (r=- 0.962, P<0.001), resilience (r=-0.984, P<0.001), and deliberative decision-making style (r=-0.571, P<0.001) with aggressive behavior in adolescents. Additionally, all variables except intuitive decision-making were found to have a significant association with aggressive behavior. Notably, resilience emerged as the most related variable to aggressive behavior. SEM analysis showed that standardized total effects of self-regulation, self-control, resilience, and deliberative decision-making on aggressive behavior were -0.500, -0.912, -0.632, and -0.565, respectively. The model fit indicators showed that the final model fit was acceptable (ᵡ2 / df=2.431, P=0.063, GFI=0.994, AGFI=0.969, CFI=0.999, NFI=0.989, RMSEA=0.055).

The study suggested all these variables, particularly resilience and self-control should be considered when planning interventions to reduce and control aggressive behavior.

Psychological well-being is a protective factor against mental disorders. This study aimed to clarify the contribution of resilience and social capital as predictors of psychological well-being as a first step toward developing evidence-based interventions to improve psychological wellbeing in healthcare workers.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on Iranian healthcare workers. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit 140 employees working in healthcare centers in Shiraz, Iran, in 2021. Data were collected using a survey that included Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Well-Being, the Social Capital at Work Scale, and the Resilience at Work Scale. Data analysis involved correlations and path analysis to clarify the relationship between predictor variables for psychological well-being in healthcare workers.

Significant relationships were found between psychological well-being and resilience (r=0.29, P<0.01), psychological wellbeing and social capital (r=0.31, P<0.01), and resilience and social capital (r=0.42, P<0.01). Path analysis revealed a significant and direct relationship between social capital and resilience (β=0.56, P=0.001) as well as resilience and psychological well-being (β=0.59, P=0.001). The direct path from social capital to psychological wellbeing was insignificant (β=0.00, P=0.93). The model explained 36% of the variance in psychological well-being.

Resilience was the most influential predictor of psychological well-being. It was associated with psychological well-being both directly and indirectly through the contribution of social capital. Promoting individual empowerment and developing resilience skills should be considered an essential approach in designing and implementing intervention programs to improve the psychological well-being of healthcare workers.

Post-traumatic growth (PTG) is a significant factor influencing health outcomes. This research aims to determine the status of PTG and its correlation with resilience, self-compassion (SC) and personal and clinical characteristics in adolescents with life-threatening diseases. In this cross-sectional correlational study, 200 adolescents with life-threatening disease who were referred to clinics or hospitalized at Shohada Tajrish and children’s Medical Center hospitals from June to October 2023 in Tehran, Iran, were selected through convenience sampling. Data was collected using personal and clinical characteristics form, PTG Inventory, resilience scale, and SC scale. Analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 20, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, ANOVA, t-tests, and multiple linear regression analysis with a P value≤0.05. The study found that the mean total PTG score was 63.35±18.19, the resilience score was 82.39±13.62, and the SC score was 76.36±6.65. There was a significant difference between various treatment stages in the total PTG score (P=0.05), and PTG score was correlated with resilience (r=0.63, P<0.001) and SC score (r=0.20, P=0.04). The total resilience score was the sole predictor of the total PTG score. Higher resilience total scores during chemotherapy and radiotherapy (B=0.74, P<0.001), surgery (B=1.08, P<0.001), and drug treatment phases (B=0.89, P<0.001), were associated with higher PTG scores. While SC was positively correlated with PTG, it did not predict it (P>0.05). The study suggests that enhancing resilience in adolescents with life-threatening diseases can improve PTG. Future studies are recommended to explore the impact of resilience strategies training on PTG in this population.