Dietary intake of vitamin D and metabolic syndrome after 3 years follow up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

The aim of study was to examine the association between dietary intakes of vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Tehranian adults.Subjects/ In this population-based prospective study, a sample of 2357 subjects, aged 20-74 y, who had completed a validated food frequency questionnaire were studied. MetS was defined according to the modified guidelines of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III. Median intakes of vitamin D were 1.5 and 1.6 µg per day in men and women respectively. After adjustment for confounding factors, dietary vitamin D intake was inversely associated with fasting blood glucose (β=-0.085, p=0.004) and waist circumference (β=-0.065, p=0.035); these associations were attenuated following further adjustment for demographics, BMI and dietary factors((β=-0.066, p=0.03) and (β=-0.065, p=0.044), respectively. An association was observed between incidence of MetS and vitamin D intake (P trend = 0.04), independent of age, gender, smoking, physical activity; this association remained following further adjustment for BMI (p for trend = 0.044) and dietary factors (p for trend = 0.051). Our findings suggest a significant inverse association between dietary vitamin D intake, MetS, and some of its components after controlling for confounding factors.