Geographical distribution of vernalization genes in Iranian wheat varieties and lines

The cold resistance in wheat varieties that been controlled with compatibility procedure to environment such as vernalization requirement and photoperiod reaction، has been factors for success in cold regions. Thus، knowledge of the eco-geographical distribution of influencing vernalization requirement and photoperiod reaction genes is essential for modern breeding program. To do so، 119 lines and cultivars of Iranian wheat were studied. Specific primers based on the polymerase chain reaction (STS-PCR) to identify alleles affecting the sensitivity to vernalization were used in Vrn-A1، Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1 loci. For agro-ecological study of the diversity and distribution of these genes in Iran، data layers were prepared using GIS Map software and the latest set of tables with predominant cultivars that were cultured in each region. Results showed that spring type was 65. 5% of whole and their diversity depending on the coldness of winter. Spring type cultivars mainly adapted to south warm and moderate climates where average January temperature was above 4 oC. On the contrary، winter type adapted to areas of average January temperature from -7 oC to 4 oC. With determining genotypes based on of these traits، breeders will enable to lead segregation generations to better compatibility.