The Representation of Reality and Epistemic Value in Non-Certain Knowledge Based on Allameh Tabataie's Theory of Conventionality

In Islamic philosophy non-certain beliefs are not knowledge but Ignorance, and arguments for the validity of "confidence" in the Science of Usul al-Fiqh only prove its pragmatic value; The question is whether or not non-certain opinions have epistemic values? In this article, we reconstruct the theory of “conventional perceptions” and divide the "mental existence" to "inherent mental existence" and "conventional mental existence", and then we explain some conventional ideas can represent the facts. Conventional perception represents reality, if it relies on the inherent perception; otherwise, this convention is arbitrary. This link is the source of representation in conventional perceptions and the source of partial truth in non-certain knowledge; but we cannot determine directly this source, and in non-certain knowledge the criterion of evaluation does not rely on the criterion of representation.