Predicting of externalizing and internalizing problems in adulthood basis of temperament and character

This study was aimed at predicting internalizing and externalizing problems based on Cloninger temperament and character model. Cloninger proposed a solid theoretical framework on character with emphasis on biological parameters that pertains for both normal and abnormal personalities. This model includes four dimensions (novelty seeking, harm avoidance, reward dependence and persistence) for temperament and three dimensions (self-directedness, self-transcendence and cooperativeness) for character. To achieve this goal, 500 male and female students were selected from high schools of Mahallat using cluster sampling method. Achenbach Behavioral Problems and Cloninger Temperament and Character Inventory were administered. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling via AMOS software. The results showed that %42 of internalizing problems and %36 of externalizing problems can be explained by temperament and character. Harm avoidance could positively, and persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness could negatively predict internalizing problems. On the other hand, novelty seeking positively and harm avoidance, reward dependence, self-directedness and cooperativeness could negatively predict externalizing problems. These findings can be applied in etiology of behavioral problems and preventive strategies.