Reflections of Political Developments of Pahlavi Era in Tofiq Political Satire; 14th National Legislative Parliament Case Study

Tofiq was among the first political satire in Iran published from 1301 till 1350. Being active for half century, Tofiq showed politics in Pahlavi era. Political instability caused by governments instability, 28th coup d’état in 1332 (1953), prime ministers’ weak performance, nationalization of the Iran oil industry movement, costliness and unemployment, corruption in governmental offices, land reform policies and different kinds of social, economic and political problems were among the most critical issues of this political satire series. Besides, Tofiq was accused of being left due to its support of oppressed people, opposing American and Israeli policies and activity under the flag of “Kharan (Donkeys) Party”. This magazine is a noble excerpt of folklore and successful example of political criticism. Reviewing political currents of 14th national legislative parliament through the eye of this political satire magazine with its strong relation with the public, was main subject of this paper. To summarize, it should be said that distrust on 14th parliament and its members, prevalence of corruption, political collusion and disappointment were transparent in the literature.