Qurʾān 2:81 in Muʿtazilite, Ashʿarite and Imamite Interpretation

The Q 2:81 speaks of the perennial ponishment for the sinners whose sins overcome them. Since this attribute can include both believer and unbeliever sinners, there is a dissagreement among Muslim scholars regarding the quality of this punishment for sinful believers, because there are other reasons indicating that believers will enjoy eternal rewards. This dissagreement is based on exegits’ different attitudes toward the hermeneutical principles, such as the limitations on using reason and exter-Qurʾānic material, like traditions (aḥādīth). This paper aims to gather and analyse all variated viewpoints on the divine promises, as well as the relation between forgiveness and intercession with Providence.