Molecular Biology of Aminoglycoside and Relationship of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes with Altering Resistance

The clinical significance of aminoglycosides is due to effect of gram-negative bacteria, staphylococcus aureus and some streptococcus. It is most application in the treatment of infections caused by facultative aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Combination of an aminoglycoside with beta-lactam or glycopeptide has synergistic effect on sensitive bacteria and can be effective in the treatment. Today, some bacteria have multiple resistances to some antibiotics, including aminoglycosides. Acquired resistance to aminoglycosides in Gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria have been reported. Three resistance mechanisms involve a change in the position of the ribosomal binding of drugs, decreasing drug permeability and enzymatic drug inactivation. So, Identification of resistance mechanisms and find new functional groups is important in reducing resistance.