An Islamic Jurisprudential and Legal Survey of The role of lesion with a comparative study (in precedent, foreign laws and international documents)

The effect of the cheated awareness of the existence of lesion in the transaction is one the option of lesion efficacy. In general, the role of lesion can be discussed in the form of two questions: The first question is what is the role of the emergence of lesion and the awareness of the cheated in the emergence of it, which in response to this question, two different effects can be attributed to the emergence of lesion; Either to say that the cheated awareness causes the creation of the option from the moment of awareness, or to assume that her awareness is the discoverer of the existence of lesion and the option of lesion coincides with the conclusion of the contract. How to answer the above question will have several practical benefits and effects; including depending on when we know the moment of existence of the option of lesion, It is definitely effective in determining the time of inheritance of the option of lesion and the moment of measuring the imbalance of the contractual exchanges. The second question is whether the emergence of lesion has a role in the legal relations of the parties to the contract, assuming that the emergence of lesion reveals the existence of the option of lesion? The research hypothesis is that, first, the emergence of fraud reflects the fact that the option of fraud has existed since the beginning of the contract. Secondly, the possession of the cheated at corpus of transaction can be a matter of waiving the option of lesion after the appearance and awareness of lesion in the legal relations between the parties. In this study, it is stated that the above hypothesis identified as a popular opinion among both jurists and legists and in practice, the precedent has followed it in a few opinions issued. According to the studies, we will also state that the appearance of the lesion is the only condition for exercising the right and does not interfere in the creation of it according to the code of some countries and also the International Sale of Goods Convention (CISG).