Functions of Legal Fictions

Legal fictions find their reason of existence in their functions, not their theoretical basis. A dichotomy can be considered in the functions of fictions in legal systems. The technical function of fictions should be distinguished from the constructive function of them. The technical function of fictions would be separated in explicative and mechanical functions. The function of some of the fictions is merely explicative such as “general gage of debtor’s assets”. The mechanical function of fictions can lead to efficiency of legal rules, such as “igmorantia juris non excusat”. Constructive function of fictions may be historical or teleological. These fictions either include a new subject-matter under the realm of a rule that not logically cover it (such as capacity of embryo) or exclude a subject matter from the realm of a rule that logically cover it (such as immovable by destination). Function of historical fictions is a priori and function of theological fictions is a posteriori. The historical function of fictions, such as theory of “legal personality”, made it possible to enact new rules without mutilation of legal systems integration. On the other hand by resorting to theological fictions, the legislator can protect some interest or values. Because of the vast initiative of legislature in resorting to teleological fictions, these fictions are often looking with suspicion. Consequently, the authority of creation of these fictions must be studied.