Confrontation of the Abbasids and Umayyads of Andalusia with the Fatimids in the Maghrib

With the rise of the Fatimids in the Maghrib at the beginning of the fourth century AH, the clash of Islamic states entered a new level. The efforts of the Fatimid ruling system to establish an all-inclusive Ismaili caliphate elicited a backlash from the Abbasid and Umayyad of Andalusia in the east and west of the world of Islam. Although a raft of historical and political obstacles inhibited an official and practical alliance between the two governments to confront the Fatimids, each state adopted specific measures to deal with Fatimids, prevent the expansion of their territory, curb their power and debilitate their strength. According to the findings of this historical study, the Abbasids, by thwarting the Fatimid domination in Egypt, erecting a defensive barrier by establishing the Ikhshidid dynasty and casting doubt on the Fatimid lineage. Meanwhile, deterring the expansion of Fatimid occupation in Iraq played a crucial role in provoking and fueling the internal crisis in the West. The Umayyads of Andalusia also responded to Fatimid opposition by espousing groups that opposed the Fatimid caliphate, disputing the caliphate, orchestrating military actions, and consolidating their presence in the Maghrib. As a result of these actions, the Fatimids faced a plethora of internal crises and revolts and tapered off their power for putting up a unified and inclusive front against Abbasid and Umayyad governments.