Criticism of Constructivism in Russian Avant-Garde Artwork (A Case Study of Rudchenko’s Works)

The Constructivist movement emerged in the early 20th century, following the discovery of the intellectual and political currents of the society, as well as the Russian revolution and the change of artists’ commitments between 1917 and 1935 and left behind works of architecture, industrial design, picture communication, interior furniture, painting, photography, fashion and advertisement. Creating works by architects and designers for producingpurposeful materials has taken steps toward products that, instead of using the designers’ internal motivation and inspiration, are based on the process of producing a product with measurable logic for efficient use. The history of science and technology in the twentieth century of Russia is linked to the political experiences. The avant-garde art that has emerged from the modern societies is no exception. One of the important elements in constituting the modern art was undoubtedly the industrial revolution, through which the avant-garde artists working in the field of art and society acted revolutionary in line with the ideology of the revolution, that is, Marx’s thoughts. Functionalism and attention to the progress of the industry on the one hand andon the other hand, the social, economic, and political changes; the anti-art movement in the form of a slogan of “Death to Art”, “Long Live Technology,” fromthe constructivist artists made specialists in construction, focusing on materials and purity of color, and emphasizing geometry and construction laws. The purpose of this research is to study the indices of constructivist style in Russian avant-gardeproduct and artworkwith an approach to the works of Alexander Rodchenko. It should be noted that this research is descriptive- analytical in terms of its methodology and fundamental in terms of its purpose. The subject of this research is to find the theoretical foundations of the constructivist style in the works of Russian avant-garde artists, especially Rodchenko. The question that the research seeks to answer is: How is Capitalism criticism illustrated in the artworks of Alexander Rudchenko’s works? The structure of the paper is that first it reviews the background and conceptual foundations of constructivist design. Then, considering the indices ofconstructivist style, a number of works by Rudchenko, as cases for a case study of the indices of constructivist styleofRussian artworks have been selected and analyzed. As the characteristics of these works are described in seven tables, the research question is answered as well. Several factors from theanalyses of Rudchenko’s work by constructivist style designing variables can be mentioned as more significant ones with higher frequency in the works of Rudchenko. On this basis, the degree of proximity of Rudchenko’s works to the determining indices of constructivism can be rated. By evaluating the rating of the works in the form of defined variables, the contribution of Alexander Rudchenko to the formation of Russian constructivist can be determined. The result of the research indicates that from the analyses of Rudchenko’s work by constructivist style designing variables, several factorscan be mentioned as more significant ones with higher frequency in the works of Rudchenko.On this basis, the degree of proximity of Rudchenko’s works to the determining indices of constructivism can be rated such as utility, geometry of form and logical order, simplicity in final execution, mass production in industry, purity of materials and negation of capitalism.