Energy Efficiency Improvement in Dynamic Orthogonal and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Uplink Networks

One proposed approach in fifth-generation wireless communication to support more users is the dynamic use of orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access schemes. In this research, a dynamic orthogonal and non-orthogonal multiple access system is proposed to maximize the energy efficiency (EE), and several schemes are presented for allocation of sub-channels and power. Due to the complexity of the proposed resource allocation problem and its non-convexity property, it is not possible to find a global solution. Hence, the main problem is divided into two sub-problems which are sub-channels and power allocation.  In the first step, the sub-channel allocation problem is solved and its output is sub-channel allocation for all active users and determining the access mode for each sub-carrier. The second step is the power allocation sub-problem which is converted into a quasi-convex sub-problem by using the difference of convex functions algorithm iteratively, and ultimately. Then, the bisection method is applied for solving the quasi-convex sub-problem. Also, the KKT equations are provided for the feasibility problem of the bisection method. Finally, in the simulation section, the maximum EE versus the maximum power for each user is calculated. Besides, the impact of user’s presence at the cell edge on the EE is discussed. According to the simulation results, our proposed resource allocation approach can improve the sum rate and EE of the system compared to the heuristic approach of the previous literature.