Energy consumption analysis and environmental Impact evaluation of rice production by life cycle assessment(LCA) in guilan province

In this research, the status of energy consumption and the rate of emission of pollutants were evaluated using the life cycle assessment of rice produced in Guilan province, Iran. Potential influencing factors included global warming potential, acidification potential, terrestrial eutrophication, depletion of oil resources, depletion of phosphate resources, depletion of potassium resources and depletion of water resources were evaluated. The results of this study showed that the total energy required to produce one ton of rice paddy was 88064 MJ per ha. While the energy output of rice paddy was 58173 MJ per ha. Diesel fuel and agricultural machinery inputs with a total of 65.52% accounted for the largest amount of input energy. The energy efficiency and energy productivity in rice paddy production were calculated as 0.66 and 0.04, respectively. According to the results of the life cycle assessment, carbon dioxide emission (740.38 kg per ton of paddy) was higher than other pollutants produced by applying other inputs. It has been reported that one ton of rice paddy, globally, is responsible for producing 1116.61 kg of carbon dioxide as pollutant. The depletion of oil resources due to the use of diesel fuel was 7587 MJ and the depletion of water resources was 3354 m3. Depletion of phosphate and potassium resources were calculated as 2.15 kg P2O5 eq and 0.62 kg K2O eq, respectively. Also, the ecosystem index and the resource depletion index per 1 ton of rice paddy were 0.5789 and 1.7057, respectively.