Investigation of Ground Effect on the Beamforming of the Glide Path Altitude Adjustment Navigation System

The Glide Path altitude adjustment system is one of the tools of the landing navigation system (ILS) that helps the airplane to find its angle related to the runway by sending radio signals. It is done by sending two signals with a predetermined radiation pattern. The ratio of these two signals is used to find the elevation angle. The behavior of the electromagnetic wave sent from the system and its reflection from the ground causes the transmitted pattern to be distorted. This effect, known as the ground effect, is very important in transmitting antenna signals' accurate weight and phase shift. In this paper, the pattern of the transmitted pattern of the G/P system is modeled by considering the ground reflection, and several real systems are simulated. ‌‌