The Effect of Different Factors on the Prevention of Periodontal Pocket Formation on the Distal Surface of the Second Molar after Impacted Wisdom Tooth Removal Surgery: A Literature Review

The formation of localized periodontal pockets on the distal surface of adjacent molars is known as one of the asymptomatic lesions associated with impacted wisdom teeth. In this study, the effect of different factors on the prevention of periodontal pocket formation on the distal surface of the second molar following impacted wisdom tooth removal surgery was investigated.

The present study was a review of the related literature published over the last 10 years. The main tool recruited for this purpose was a researcher-made checklist, developed based on the main objectives of the study. Accordingly, wisdom tooth occlusion, suture technique, flap type, and periodontal envelope, extracted from the articles, were recorded in the relevant checklist. The extracted information was finally imported into the SPSS (ver. 20) software package and analyzed, using descriptive and analytical statistics.

In total, 22 articles, reflecting on the effect of different factors on the prevention of periodontal pocket formation on the distal surface of the second molar following impacted wisdom tooth removal surgery, and meeting the inclusion criteria in this study were retrieved and then reviewed. Based on the preliminary analyses, 15 articles (68.18%) had mentioned periodontal pocket formation after impacted tooth surgery. As well, nine studies had referred to attachment loss in patients. In this review using surveys among patients undergoing surgery, had not demonstrated a significant relationship between periodontal pocket formation and attachment loss. Moreover, eight articles (36.36%) examined flap type employed during the surgery.

It was concluded that impacted wisdom tooth removal surgery had been thus far introduced directly in many studies as a factor affecting the reduction of periodontal complications, including periodontal pocket formation in adjacent teeth.