The ultrasonic process with titanium magnetic oxide nanoparticles to enhance the amoxicillin removal efficiency

The widespread use of antibiotics and their subsequent release into the environment has caused concern around the world. Incomplete metabolism releases these chemicals into the environment, and traditional purification systems are unable to remove them. As a result, it lingers in the environment and is one of the most serious environmental issues confronting public health. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of using ultrasonic and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as catalysts for the removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solutions, as well as to figure out the optimal conditions to maximize the efficiency of removal efficiency. Decomposition of amoxicillin in water in the presence of titanium magnetic catalyst with concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2.5 g/L and amoxicillin concentrations of 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L at different times of 10 to 180 minutes, pHs of 3, 4, 5, 7, 9 and 11, temperatures of 10 to 60 ºC and frequencies of 35, 300, and 700 kHz were examined. At a concentration of 1 g/L catalyst, a concentration of 10 mg/L amoxicillin, a standstill duration of 60 minutes, an acidic pH, a temperature of 40 °C, and a frequency of 35 kHz, the maximum removal of amoxicillin (91.7%) occurred. The use of an ultrasonic method in conjunction with titanium magnetic nanoparticles as an oxidizing agent proved to be a successful tool for lowering amoxicillin concentrations in aqueous media. As a result, advanced oxidation processes, particularly ultrasonic, can reduce pharmaceutical and organic contaminants in the environment.