Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on homocysteine level in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

One of the most common diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates is chronic kidney disease. Cardiovascular disease affects most patients with chronic kidney disorders, particularly patients undergoing dialysis; hence, appropriate prevention and management approaches are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the reduction of inflammatory biomarkers, especially homocysteine, by omega-3 fatty acids in peritoneal dialysis patients.

This study enrolled 60 peritoneal dialysis patients who met specified inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomized to intervention or placebo groups. Omega-3 capsules were given at a dose of 3 g/d for 8 weeks. Inflammatory markers, including high‑sensitivity C‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP), homocysteine, albumin, and lipid profile measured before and after the study.

Results of this trial revealed that the levels of homocysteine, hs‑CRP, and albumin did not change significantly during the study. Analysis of lipid profiles before and after intervention showed omega‑3 has no significant effect on the level of total cholesterol or low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol; However, the level of triglyceride reduced remarkably (P = 0.002). In addition, serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased at the end of the study (P < 0.001).

Omega-3 does not seem to be able to change the inflammatory markers significantly, particularly homocysteine. More extensive trials must be conducted to better understand the impact of omega-3 on inflammatory and nutritional markers, particularly in peritoneal dialysis patients.