Investigating the relationship between springs and rivers, geological and tectonic factors (Case study: Kamyaran city)

Spring distribution and flow rate are influenced by a variety of factors such as tectonics, climate, geology, distance from the drainage network, geomorphology, etc. The current study aims to determine the effect of structural parameters, lithology, and drainage network on two indicators related to springs, notably number and annual water flow in Kamyaran, Kurdistan province. Correlation relationships have also been investigated between springs in watersheds and hydrometric stations downstream of them. A correlation coefficient of 0.947exists. The correlation between the number of springs and the distance from the river is significant and is around 0.76. But there is no significant relationship between these two parameters with the amount of spring water. The discharge variable has a significant relationship with the formation type, with the sand limestone formation having the most annual drainage and the andesite, micro granite, and silty shales having the least. The results of the correlation between springs and hydrometric stations revealed that there are significant relationships between temperature parameters and annual discharge, but no significant relationships between pH and EC indicators.