The Permissibility of Preference of The Inferior,(The Lower) to The Superior Person in Imamate and Caliphate, A Comparative Study in The Words ofIbn Abi al-Hadid and Hafiz Burhan al-Din Halabi Shafi'i

The issue of caliphate and imamate after prophethood is one of the most important theological and historical issues in Islamic society. Imamiyyah, by emphasizing the standard of infallibility, considers this position to be exclusive to the infallible imams, peace be upon them. In obedience to Saqifah, AL-Ammah has accepted the caliphate of Saqifah and other caliphs. Accepting the rule of the Saqifah caliphs is facing the intellectual challenge of preference of an inferior person, (the low), to the one who is the best and the superior, (Commander of the Faithful -Amirul Momineen- Ali, peace be upon him). Therefore, Sunni scholars have tried to resolve this intellectual challenge. Ibn Abi al-Hadid Mu'tazili accomplished this task with a jurisprudential approach and Halabi tried to accomplish it with a rational-political approach. Halabi, based on Bo Ali Sina's basis in distinguishing between science and reason, with the increased claim of the political power of the inferior, has given in to his permission. Despite all these efforts, the idea of permissibility prefers the inferior, (the low), and is distorted from various intellectual and Quranic aspects. In this article, we have studied the historical roots of this saying by comparing the sayings of Ibn Abi al-Hadid and Halabi, and we have carefully counted its problems with the analytical-descriptive method