Tabarestan and the Southern Caspian Sea in Pahlavi Texts

Tabarestan and the southern Caspian Sea have always been of great importance to geographers and historians. Pahlavi texts have also referred to this area and its various toponyms a lot. In this article, Tabarestan regions are identified and located in the most important Pahlavi texts such as Patešxwārgar, Tabarestān, Āmol, Damāwand, and Gorgān. This article also addresses Avestan toponyms in Pahlavi texts such as Alborz and Mazandarān which later have been relocated to Tabarestan. Such studies will shed light on the image of the historical geography of Tabarestan and the southern Caspian Sea in Sassanian texts; as a result, they will contribute to the understanding of the historical geography of Islamic texts.