A Critical re-Reading of Behavioral Policy; Reflections to Take Advantage of an Emerging Model in Public Policy

The main goal of public policies is to change the behavior of the public in line with public interests. In the traditional policy approaches, policy goals were pursued mainly by using coercive mechanisms and by issuing instructions or using economic mechanisms such as price changes and taxation. But in recent years, the models presented in "behavioral politics" have gone towards the use of more complex methods that, while controlling and directing social behaviors, seek more satisfaction of citizens. But the use of this model in policy-making has been accompanied by criticism. The purpose of this article is to identify and explain in detail the challenges proposed regarding this growing pattern in the field of policy making. The results of this research, show that 15 important challenges threaten the efficiency of this policy model, which can be considered under two general headings: the challenges of the guardianship approach and the challenges specific to behavioral mechanisms.