The instability of the situation in the Persian Gulf and the failure of the diplomatic efforts of Shah Sultan Hossein Safavi

During the reign of Shah Sultan Hossein Safavi (1105-1135 A.H./1694-1722 A.D.), Iran's sovereignty over the Persian Gulf and the islands and ports of its northern bank underwent instability, which on the one hand, was intensified by the competition of European East India companies, and on the other hand, the rebellions of the Omani Arabs in the sea and the attacks of the Baluchs on the coasts added to this instability. The efforts of the last Safavid king to get the joint cooperation of powers such as England, Holland, France and Portugal to stabilize the situation were unsuccessful, and the agreement of military cooperation between Iran and Portugal in restraining the movements of Arabs in the sea also ended with the attack of Afghans on the capital and the decay of the Safavid dynasty, had no results. In this study, the developments in the Persian Gulf parallel to the rule of the last Safavid king and his policy towards this water area have been investigated and analyzed in a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the study showed that during this era, the naval movements and the invasions of the Arabs of Muscat, the competition and interference of the European powers and the shaky and ineffective policy of Shah Sultan Hossein caused the chaotic situation in the Persian Gulf and the instability of the Safavid rule on this important waterway have been effective.