On the History of Nano-Composite Technology for Pollution Removal

Nowadays, scientists in physics, materials, etc. have come to the conclusion that if materials can be prepared in smaller proportions, the bonds that a small material makes with its surrounding phases are much stronger than larger scales. Nanocomposites were produced. In this type of composite material, at least one of the phases of the composite material is in nanometer dimensions. In the discussion of nanomaterials, nanocomposites have a special place. These materials have two or more nanometer components. The presence of particles and fibers in the structure usually creates strength in the substrate. In fact, when particles or fibers are distributed within a substrate, the forces applied to the composite are uniformly transmitted to the particles or fibers. Particles or fibers that are distributed within a substrate are called fillers. Properties such as strength, hardness, physiological properties, and porosity change with the distribution of fillers within the substrate. The substrate can hold the particles apart in such a way that crack growth is delayed. In other words, with proper distribution of fillers in the background material, the crack growth path in the background becomes longer and therefore crack growth is delayed. In addition, the components of nanocomposites have better properties due to the surface interaction between the substrate and the filler. The type and amount of these interactions play an important role in the various properties of nanocomposites such as solubility, optical properties, electrical and mechanical properties.