The process of expertise and authentication of museum works based on non-destructive studies in the Cultural Institute of Foundation Museums

The great importance and ever-increasing expansion of the field of preservation and restoration of historical-cultural monuments and its daily connection with other scientific fields and branches, and its becoming more complex, always face this specialized knowledge with new challenges.  In the meantime, there is a need for this field to maintain and update its connection with all sciences in the current era.  Today, we are witnessing the forward expansion of conservation topics and the study, testing and discovery of new methods and materials used in restoration processes.  Meanwhile, advanced modern tools and methods can help preserve cultural property.  It may not be possible to take samples during the examination of some historical and artistic works as well as archaeological objects for the purpose of scientific study;  Especially, in modern conservation and restoration studies, there is an increasing need for non-destructive research to prevent object sampling.  Collecting study samples from historical and cultural works has always been one of the challenges in this field, which currently, due to the advances in scientific and laboratory methods, destructive methods are somewhat outdated and should be replaced by new methods.  Give non-destructive or semi-destructive tests.  Since the duty of the science of protecting a historical work and consequently the studies and activities of the restorer/conservator must lead to the preservation and maintenance of the work, the issue of allowing destructive sampling, in what case it will be possible, should be very  Justifiable and in line with its goals.  Otherwise, removing the sample will damage and remove part of the work, which will not be able to return to its previous state.  Therefore, it is very important that the laboratories of archeology and restoration of historical monuments, as well as the researchers of different institutions, pay sufficient attention to this issue.  In line with the topics discussed in the above lines, the authors have tried to point out concrete examples and the results by introducing different methods of machine analysis of a work, and finally, minimalistic methods, consisting of non-destructive studies in  To introduce and examine the field of cultural heritage that has been used on the works of the foundation’s cultural institutions and museums.  Authenticity assessment and expertise of the works in the treasures of the Cultural Institute of Foundation Museums has been one of the most important projects implemented in recent years.  For this purpose, in this article, an attempt has been made to provide a report on the performance and processes of doing work with a non-destructive approach.  In this article, after introducing and reviewing the methods of non-destructive analysis on historical and artistic works, the type and method of analyzes carried out in order to examine the works in the restoration department of the institute will be discussed.  The implemented methods are divided into two ways.  First, portable analysis methods such as Raman spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, then optical imaging methods, and finally, the results of the aforementioned analyzes are mentioned on some of the works.  The most important use of these methods for the researchers of these lines is that they are non-destructive and do not require sampling of the works under study, because the samples under study and available in the treasury of the institute are very important and sensitive works that cannot be  He took a study sample from them and transferred it to the laboratory, so this feature of the mentioned methods is one of the most important abilities and benefits of its use.  In the surveys conducted using this method (in the Cultural Institute of Foundation Museums), works such as painting on canvas, painting, calligraphy, parchments, glass and pottery have been analyzed.  In total, the number of works analyzed using this method reaches 50 works.  After setting up and operating the Raman equipment in the restoration workshop, the selected works were subjected to initial checks for analysis.  In the process of authenticating the works in the Cultural Institute of Foundation Museums, a number of works that required laboratory tests and checking the authenticity of the works were divided into two categories of works of mineral materials and organic materials, and then they were subjected to mechanical analysis.  .  The main purpose of using this method and analyzing the works was to check the structure and composition of the materials as well as the authenticity of the works.  In the meantime, an attempt has been made to provide a report on the experiences of using the device analysis methods that have been used in the restoration department.  Using portable Raman spectrometry, a leaf of Timurid Zafarnameh was analyzed and its colors were analyzed.  The results show the use of indigo blue, lead white, shangraf red, malachite green, carbon black, shangraf red and syringe red.  The use of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry method on the used gold and white colors of a Pahlavi period painting shows the use of gold and white lead rods.  Finally, a report on the use of scientific imaging methods is given.  These results have shown well the discolorations and fractures and intrusions in the existing samples.  The results obtained from the data obtained from the application of the mentioned methods have been very significant and useful, so that the authors emphasize the use of non-destructive and portable methods in the study of museum and artistic works.  Our goal in using these methods was to identify the structure and materials used in line with the goals of authenticating those works.  Because the technical and structural studies of the work, along with other fields used in the institute, such as the opinions of expert experts on historical works and historical and comparative studies that are carried out by experts and researchers both inside and outside the institute  It is possible to make correct and comprehensive decisions about the authenticity and value of the works at the disposal of the collection.  It has also been tried to use a methodological chart to achieve the executive processes of this field in a scientific and systematic way