The role of the tree on the seal and the effect of the Elamite seals (3000-539 BC)

One of the most important artistic elements of Elame civilization is the cylindrical seals that were common in this land from the second half of the fourth millennium BC to the end of the rule of Elame. The designs of these seals are always seen in connection with the idea of ownership, trade and the designs engraved on them, in connection with myth and religion. One of the most important motifs of cylindrical beads in Elam is dedicated to the motif of trees and plants, which in most cases is a manifestation of their religious and doctrinal ceremonies and on the other hand expresses the environmental geography of that time. In this research, two main questions have been raised: 1. Which tree has the most continuity and repetition of seals motifs in Elame works of art? 2. What are the meanings of these motifs in Elamite works? This research has been done with the aim of achieving the effect of tree motif on Elamite beliefs. Therefore, with a descriptive-analytical method, it was concluded that the most important factor in the formation of these motifs were myths and religious beliefs and the most repetitive role was related to the tree of life (cypress).