A Comparative Study on the Causes of Crimes and Disciplinary Violations of Engineers and Determining Preventive Policies from the Perspective of Criminal Sociology

Most engineering disasters are predictable and preventable, therefore, by adopting correct policies, many violations and crimes in the construction industry can be prevented. Based on the descriptive-analytical method, this research, first explores the existing literature to find out why engineering crimes and violations occur from the perspective of criminal sociology, and then it provides practical and preventive suggestions for non-normative behaviors in the engineering world. Various researches in the field of domestic and international engineering show that the construction industry has tremendous potential for committing crimes and obtaining illegal financial profits. This research clearly acknowledges that the working conditions in the construction industry, compared to other professions, are very chaotic and critical, and its deterioration has taken on a wider dimension than in the past. are in a crisis situation, the emergence of criminal or criminal behavior is a natural and predictable reaction.On this basis, engineering activities should be legally supported in some way so that the necessary economic minimums are considered for engineers. Factors such as the incorrect process of training engineers, belief in the correctness and rationality of criminal behaviors, and especially adherence to the goals and efforts for the survival of the engineering group, and economic factors are among the most important crime-causing factors in the field of engineering. By studying the theories of criminal sociology and its teachings, this research has come to the conclusion that in order to prevent the occurrence of engineering deviations, first of all, the laws must be formulated in such a way that the engineering community has fair legal protections. Secondly, engineers should not be considered as cheap labor based on the economic determinism of labor market imbalance in the discussion of service supply and demand. Thirdly, continuous education and culture building should be the priority of engineering policies. Fourthly, the government, as the owner of power, should not keep all the benefits for itself, and in construction contracts, the balance of contractual exchange should be observed. The results of this study showed that, Primary and primary prevention should be included in crime prevention policies for engineers. This means that efforts should be made so that engineers do not tend to commit crimes, especially after graduation and in the work environment. The first goal in this method of prevention is to improve the living conditions of engineers in order to prevent them from becoming criminals, and the other goal is to produce and promote values that provide or improve healthy intra-group and out-group relationships in interaction with society.