The Philosophy of Women's Rights in the Thought of Abul Hasan Ameri Neishabouri with an Emphasis on the Book "Happiness and Prosperity in the History of Humanity"

The aim of the current research is to examine the philosophy of women's rights in the thought of Abul Hasan Ameri Neishabouri, emphasizing his book "Happiness and Prosperity in the History of Humanity". The research method is rational and descriptive and information processing is carried out as the descriptive-analytical method. Mohaghegh Ameri's thought in the field of women's rights can be classified into two main categories, first, the right to gender equality and the second, the right to freedom. In the first part of present research, the five examples proposed by Ameri, i.e. women's executive capabilities, humane behavior with women, women's subordination, women's inherent defects and their consultability, have been discussed. In the second, six examples of behavior towards the husband, the husband's guardianship, the restriction of instinctive relations with the husband, the preservation of the husband's property, the prohibition of socializing with non-mahram men, and the requirement of hijab were discussed and investigated. Under each of these debates, Ameri quoted some from philosophers or religious scholars and expressed his opinion in some cases. In total, their positions in these 11 examples can be divided into two general categories. In some cases, as women's practical capabilities, humane treatment with women, and the superintendency of mothers over their children, have a completely positive view, and in this respect, at least in terms of evidence there would be no difference between men and women. In other cases, such as prohibiting women from associating with non-mahram men, men's authority over women in enjoying themselves and leaving the house, not cheating on their husbands, obliging women to wear hijab, good behavior, honesty and obedience to their husbands and limited consultation with them, as well as their view can be justified. However, in two debates about the natural - and not positive - dominance of men over women and also the existence of inherent defects in women - based on a quote from Pythagoras - Ameri’s point of view can be meaningfully criticized. In this research, along with the philosophical analysis of eleven examples aforementioned, the hypothesis has been proven that Ameri's view in the field of women seems like balanced. Despite the fact that it has been said that the advanced Islamic philosophers do not have a positive view toward women and consider them as second-class citizens, in the examples above mentioned, they have either directly supported women's rights, or the points proposed by Ameri more or less. However, in two of these cases, his ideas have been criticized.