Assessment of the Livability of the Neighborhoods of Region 4 of Urmia City Based on the Principles of Passive Defense

Considering the increasing population growth in cities and the emergence of urban issues and problems, the necessity of attention to the sustainability of cities as well as focusing on passive  defense for reducing damages caused by accidents and disasters is growing. This research aimed to assess the sustainability of neighborhoods in Region 4 of Urmia city based on the principles of  passive defense, and the research objective is applied and in terms of methodology,  descriptive-analytical. In this research, 18 indicators were selected, and the data collection method used library studies, field (observation), existing articles, questionnaire tool (questioning residents of Region 4), and Delphi method (experts). For qualitative data analysis, the CoCoSo method, one of the most recent multi-criteria decision-making approaches, is used. To obtain maps and pinpoint sustainable points in region 4 emphasizing passive defence principles and also for analyze and evaluate locations in terms of quantitative research indicators, GIS software is utilized. Shannon's entropy method is employed for weighting the criteria. The results indicate that neighborhood (4-1-3) (located between Dastgheib and Morovat streets) with the highest score and neighborhood (1-3-4) (located between Sheikh Shaltoot, Khatam-al-Anbiya, and Golestan streets) with the lowest score have the highest and lowest level of sustainability, respectively, emphasizing the principles of passive defense. So that 33.33% of the study points in this research have a  favorable condition, 41.67% have a semi-favorable condition, and 25% also have an unfavorable condition. Recommendations for improving the sustainability of neighborhoods in district 4 of   Urmia city have also been proposed.