Study and monitoring the changes in thermal islands in Tehran province and their relationship with climatic variables and pollutants

One of the major global environmental concerns in recent years is the phenomenon of global warming. Understanding the relationships between the phenomena affecting this phenomenon can be a way to reduce and control the surface temperature and prevent the formation of thermal islands.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between surface temperature intensity with variables So2, CH4, Co, O3, NO2, HCHO, H2O, PM, LST-Day as well as temporal and spatial changes of thermal islands in Tehran province. In this study, 8-day productions of Aqua satellite and Sentinel-5 data along with coding method in JavaScript language in Google Earth engine system, path analysis and statistical clustering method have been used. According to the research findings, the trend and direction of spatial changes in the thermal islands of Tehran province during the years 2022-2000 from Tehran to the surrounding cities and satellite towns have been moving and relocating.Based on the temperature similarity between the 22 urban areas, six clusters were formed by K-mean clustering method. Based on the results of the final table of path analysis using AMOS software, among the studied variables, the highest coefficient of total impact on the increase in night surface temperature was related to the daily surface temperature, water vapor and carbon monoxide, respectively. PM particles also have the highest overall impact factor in reducing the night temperature.