Development of an Integrated Model of Planning and Management in Free Zones with an Emphasis on Environmental Pressures

Nestled amidst the Arasbaran protected areas, Kiamaki wildlife sanctuary, and Dizmar protected area, the Aras Free Zone is a region teeming with environmental diversity and ecological significance. However, this region faces significant environmental challenges, primarily due to the overlooking of environmental principles in its economic development processes. This neglect has hindered the realization of sustainable and integrated urban development, affecting everything from initial planning stages to the actual implementation of development projects. Goal: The Aras Free Zone, positioned in the northwest of Iran, serves as a critical conduit to the Caucasus region and Eastern Europe, thereby holding a pivotal role in fostering economic relations. This research is dedicated to the comprehensive management of the cities within the Aras Azad region, emphasizing a balanced approach to environmental management that encompasses the natural, human, and physical dimensions. The objective is to design a framework that facilitates integrated urban management, thereby promoting sustainable development in the area.

This study is foundational in its aim to devise an environmental planning model tailored for the integrated urban management of free zones, with a specific focus on the Aras Free Zone. Its practicality is underscored by the implementation of this model within the zone itself. The research surveyed a demographic comprising 290 managers, officials, and decision-making experts affiliated with the Aras Free Zone. Analysis was conducted across both public and private organizations within the zone, including the Free Zone Organization, Natural Resources and Environment Department, Housing Foundation, and Water and Sewage Department, among others. A random sampling technique was employed to select 166 individuals from the cities of Jolfa, Nordoz, Qolibeyglo, and Khoda Afarin. Data collection was conducted through both qualitative (library research) and quantitative (a researcher-designed questionnaire) methods, while data analysis utilized SPSS version 23 and Topsis Fuzzy techniques.

Crisis management planning within the region unveiled that all identified weaknesses and threats to integrated environmental management are perceived as significant pressures. Except for issues related to unemployment and the presence of unsafe urban spaces along with their consequences and the smuggling of goods or illegal trafficking, most pressures were deemed to be at a critical level, particularly in pre-crisis conditions. The application of the TOPSIS fuzzy test revealed key issues, such as the destruction of environmentally sensitive areas for economic development, land use changes detrimental to the environment aimed at job creation, and pollution caused by neighboring countries due to a lack of environmental stewardship among regional managers. These factors are classified as urgent environmental pressures requiring immediate attention.

The research outcomes are presented through two lenses: crisis management planning and contingency planning. The findings underscore the necessity of adjusting economic and social impacts for the integrated development of the Aras Free Zone's environment. This adjustment should be achieved through enhanced coordination between organizations, the establishment of a unified command structure, and the creation of collaborative platforms. Recommendations include fostering intra-organizational, institutional, and programmatic integration to address the identified challenges effectively. This comprehensive approach aims to pave the way for sustainable development within the Aras Free Zone, ensuring environmental integrity while promoting economic growth.