Critique of the Fundamentals of Quranic Studies by Andrew Ripin

Andrew Rippin was one of the famous Western scholars whose Qur'anic and interpretive studies have had a great impact on Western Qur'anic studies. He has authored many books and articles in the field of Quranic sciences, commentary and hadith. Considering that the researcher's principles have a great effect on his method and cause certain biases in his works, in this article, the principles of Ripin Qur'anic studies were considered. In the Qur'anic studies, Ripin believes in propositions such as that the Holy Qur'an was compiled two centuries after the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), that the Qur'an was taken from the Testaments, that the Qur'an was written in a sectarian environment, that the Qur'an was taken from Mesopotamian civilization. Some concepts of the Qur'an are metaphorical, which has led Ripin to study in order to prove these principles and assumptions, which are shown in his works in this article.