The Studying of Entrance Spaces and Their Typology in Terms of Scale and Performance Over Time

Entrance spaces are one of the most important parts of buildings, public utility complexes, and cities, which, in addition to the function of traffic, control and supervision, show the identity of that complex. In the past, most cities and public buildings had entrance spaces with distinctive visual and cultural identities derived from the native context. Entrance spaces are designed and built in the contemporary era, especially for extensive urban uses. But many urban spaces and buildings need a designed entrance, which causes illegibility and a lack of individuality in the space and building. Therefore, this research aims to identify the needs, types, and characteristics of the headstone in architecture and urban planning, and it is done with the descriptive and analytical research method. The research results show that the headstones were built in different eras for identification, readability, sense of entrance, message transmission, sense of belonging, and symbolism. The header space as a part of the entrance space, in addition to having an essential role in introducing prominent places, with design criteria including a unique visual effect, can be considered as a sign even at the national level; Therefore, as much as possible, attention should be paid to the principles, qualities and design criteria in the construction of the entrance, because neglecting the design criteria will cause not only the entry space entrance not to be a good representative for the type of use and function of a place, but also the necessary capabilities and characteristics to become an urban and national symbol and also the sense of belonging to the place becomes weak.