Investigating the role of climatic parameters in the formation of urban heat islands (UHII) using remote sensing

Urban areas have undergone significant changes over time, which has led to the phenomenon of "urban climate change". This study aimed to investigate the role of climatic parameters in the formation of UHII using remote sensing techniques, with a case study of Tabriz metropolis, Iran. In this study, Landsat 8/9 satellite images were used to calculate land surface temperature (LST) and urban heat island intensity (UHII) and ERA5_Land reanalysis data for meteorological parameters for the spring and summer seasons of 2023. Split Window algorithm was used to calculate LST and UHII algorithm was used to check the intensity of urban heat islands. Also, statistical analyzes of linear regression and multi-criteria or multi-variable regression and Pearson's correlation were used for the relationship between UHII and climatic parameters. The results show that bare areas without vegetation, as well as areas close to industries and airports, have the highest surface temperature and UHII. On the other hand, areas with high building density and abundant green spaces have lower surface temperatures. Analysis of meteorological parameters shows that moving from west to east in the study area, air temperature and surface pressure decrease, while precipitation increases. In addition, the wind speed increases from west to east in spring and decreases in summer, while the surface solar radiation has been constant in both seasons of spatial induction.