Analyzing factors affecting the recycling and reuse of bread waste using content analysis, descriptive statistics, and structural equations

Food waste poses significant challenges, with bread waste being a major concern. This study aims to analyze the key factors influencing the recycling and reuse of bread waste within the circular economy framework. We employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative data from 15 semi-structured interviews with experts and quantitative data from 210 structured questionnaires. We utilized thematic analysis and structural equation modelling to interpret the data. The findings reveal that environmental conservation, social awareness, economic benefits, and technological advancements significantly impact bread waste recycling and reuse. Specifically, energy and resource conservation, community participation, long-term economic benefits, and recycling technology efficiency are all critical factors. This research underscores the necessity of developing comprehensive strategies that integrate these factors to enhance bread waste management. By focusing on these areas, policymakers and managers can create more effective recycling programs, ultimately contributing to sustainability goals. The study's holistic approach provides actionable insights for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of bread waste recycling practices.