Nanoemulsion Formulation Gel and Ethanol Extract of Aloe Vera, Antibacterial Activity Test, and Prediction of Interaction Mechanism against PBP-3 Receptor

Aloe vera plants have been widely used as food, medicine, and cosmetics. The aim of this study was to develop a nanoemulsion formula from ethanol extract and gel of Aloe vera, test its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, and predict the mechanism of interaction between active components in Aloe vera and the PBP-3 (Penicillin Binding Protein) receptor. The preparation of nanoemulsion formulations from ethanol extract and gel of Aloe vera was carried out by adding virgine coconat oil (VCO) and Tween 80 in various composition. Antibacterial activity was carried out using the Kirby Bauer agar diffusion method. Prediction of the activity mechanism of compounds in Aloe vera against the PBP-3 receptor on Staphylococcus aureus downloaded from the RCSB PDB Database. The results showed that the Aloe vera nanoemulsion formula which had a transmittance percentage (%T) of 91.18% was obtained at a variation of the Aloe vera ethanol extract: VCO: Tween 80 ratio of 0.1: 0.5: 2.0. The nanoemulsion had particles with a diameter of 50-1000 nm of 84.4%. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of each test sample was optimal at 9 hours, and showed moderate activity criteria. Several Aloe vera compounds showed stronger binding energy compared to natural ligands and chloramphenicol. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus of each type of Aloe vera sample showed optimal activity at 9 hours, and showed moderate activity criteria. Some Aloe vera compounds showed stronger binding energy compared to natural ligands and chloramphenicol. Ethanol extract nanoemulsion can be used as an alternative in the development of Aloe vera products for medicine and cosmetics.