A reflection on the problem of the gap, the attributes of the necessary being in the cosmological argument, relying on Rasmussen and Goldman’s point of view

Oneness, individuality, simplicity, and attributes of perfection, such as absolute knowledge and power, are among the most important attributes of the Abrahamic religions’ God. After proving God's existence, theologians have always presented arguments to prove his attributes. In the western theological space, one type of theological proofs is called cosmological proofs. In different versions of this argument, it is shown that the universe (the set of world possible beings) needs a necessary entity whose existence (its voluntary action) justifies the universe in order to be explained. The different versions generally have in common that their result is no more than the proof of a necessary being. This stage can be called the first stage of cosmological proofs. Pruss inquires in a review article: "Does this necessary being of this argument have the attributes of the God of monotheistic religions?" (Second stage) based on Goldman’ phrase, "Is that being unique and has the attributes of perfection?" (Third stage) and does it have the attribute of individuality and voluntary action? Rasmussen and Goldman have tried to fill this epistemological gap through an argumentative path and answer these problems. Jerome Goldman, using the interpretation, predicated on Gill-Pruss’s Principle of Weak Sufficient Reason, assuming the uniqueness of the necessary being, has concluded that this being has absolute power (and in a sense, knowledge). Rasmussen has tried to prove absolute power by introducing the principle of moderate causality and using a law rooted in Scotus' words: "Any finite being could be less or more than it is." A theme similar to that which is narrated by Imam Reza. He has made an inconclusive attempt to prove other divine attributes as well. It seems that Western theological literature still has a long way to go to fill this gap in the cosmological argument.