Analysis of Lighting Systems in Commercial and Office Buildings in District 2 of Tehran and Validation of Solutions with a Flexibility Optimization Model

The effective management of lighting systems plays a critical role in minimizing energy consumption in commercial and office buildings.The Implementation of control devices in lighting systems offers diverse services, assists in mitigating grid stress, and facilitates the integration of renewable energy sources. This research aims to evaluate the deficiencies and constraints of lighting systems in commercial and office buildings situated in District 2 of Tehran based on global standards. In addition, it aims to examine energy-efficient strategies for these systems. A comprehensive research approach was adopted to accomplish these objectives, including an extensive literature review to establish the current lighting requirements and strategies.  Furthermore, qualitative and quantitative analyses of several international case studies were conducted to explore energy efficiency and conservation strategies for commercial  and office lighting systems. The examination and analysis of diverse lighting systems in commercial and office buildings in Iran were also carried out. Additionally, a detailed analysis of lighting systems in a two-floor office building in Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, the Netherlands, a four-floor office building in Beijing, China, and ten offices in Torino, Italy, were undertaken. Moreover, the flexibility optimization model was employed to validate the solutions. The findings highlighted multiple methods to reduce energy consumption in lighting systems, including the adoption of advanced lamp technologies such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), controls to regulate illumination in the presence of natural light, and measures to curtail operating hours when spaces are unoccupied. Lastly, it was deduced that dimmable lights and autonomous controls proved to be more effective in reducing peak electricity demand for lighting systems.