Simulation and Modeling of Optimal Protective Coordination of Overcurrent Relays for the Integration of Distributed Generation Sources in Distribution Systems

The performance of overcurrent relays is crucial in fault detection and protection of power networks. With the increasing integration of Distributed Generation (DG) sources into distribution networks, new challenges have emerged in the operation of these relays. The presence of DG sources can reduce fault currents, leading to delays in relay operation. This delay can potentially cause damage to existing equipment due to the prolonged fault in the network. Additionally, DG sources may cause malfunctions in relays, resulting in the disconnection of a healthy feeder instead of the faulty one. This paper introduces and models an algorithm that allows the integration of DG sources into the network without altering the overcurrent relay settings. The goal of this algorithm is to determine the optimal location for connecting DG sources to the network. In this study, the proposed algorithm was implemented in MATLAB, and the model was validated using DigSilent software. The results of this research can contribute to optimizing the performance of distribution systems and mitigating issues related to network protection with the presence of distributed generation sources.