Ambidextrous Human Resource Management in Project-Oriented Organizations with a Treasury Network Approach

The present study aims to investigate ambidextrous human resource management in project-oriented organizations. This research is applied and employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population in the qualitative section consists of 14 experts and scholars in the field of ambidextrous human resource management in project-oriented organizations. They were selected using the snowball sampling method, and semi-structured interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. Subsequently, qualitative thematic analysis and text coding were performed. The validity and reliability of this section were assessed based on credibility criteria, including member checking (interviewees’ verification), data triangulation, negative case analysis, and transferability assessment. Next, using the treasury technique, five experts were asked to rank various aspects, including the characteristics of project-oriented organizations, organizational ambidexterity components, and the dimensions and functions of ambidextrous human resource management in project-oriented organizations, within the treasury network structure and based on a 7-point Likert scale. The treasury network evaluations were conducted for different projects, and the rankings were presented separately, showing the average scores of projects across various domains such as exploration, exploitation, and human resource management. The projects with the best performances were identified. The "Persian Gulf Star Refinery" project demonstrated the best performance in ambidextrous human resource management, whereas the "Chabahar-Iranshahr-Zahedan Railway Design and Construction" project ranked the lowest.