Re-examining the Nature of Educational Leadership in the Complexity Paradigm with Reference to the Core Elements of Technical and Vocational Schools Based on the Fundamental Transformation Document of Education and Its Subsystems

Given the importance of complexity theory and its application within the educational system, the primary aim of this study is to conceptualize the core elements of technical and vocational high schools from the perspective of the Fundamental Transformation Document of Education and its subsystems, in accordance with the components of the complexity paradigm. To achieve the research objectives, expert interviews and the Delphi method were employed in the qualitative phase, while the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used in the quantitative phase. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of technical and vocational education, from which 14 individuals were selected for interviews using the snowball sampling method. After consulting with experts and refining the insights, it was determined that the framework of educational leadership in the complexity paradigm within technical and vocational schools comprises 7 components and 41 subcomponents. The main components include: teacher, content, learning environment, teaching-learning, macro-environment, management, and evaluation. Based on the AHP results, the teacher, with a score of 0.242, was identified as the most critical component of the curriculum from the standpoint of complexity theory. Following the teacher, the next priorities were macro-environment (0.225), content (0.149), teaching-learning (0.125), learning environment (0.116), management (0.092), and evaluation (0.051). Furthermore, a comparison between the Fundamental Transformation Document and the model derived from this study indicated that although the goals presented in the Fundamental Transformation Document do not entirely align with the components and definitions of complexity theory, they do show a high level of correspondence in many dimensions. Finally, based on the findings of the study, several recommendations were proposed.