A Study of The Explicit and Implicit Memory Biases(Negative and Positive Affects), Easy and Difficult Conditions; Perception of Risk among Studends of Tehran and Alzahra Universities

This study investigated the explicit and implicit memory biases in students of Tehran and Alzahra universities. Research design was based on causal comparative design. 100 students from Alzahra and Tehran universities were studied by clustral sampling. Research Instruments consisted of, MMPI test, interview, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory and researcher constructed Tasks Assessing Memory Biases. The explicit memory test was an incidental of free recall with positive and negatively loaded emotional words, and perception of risk words. The implicit memory test was a cued recall task with positive and negatively loaded emotional words, and perception of risk words. The depressed students recalled emotional positive words for implicit memory bias in easy conditions(p<0/05).The anxious students recalled for perception of risk words in explicit and implicit memory bias under both easy and difficult conditions(P<0/001).The depressed students exhibited positive loaded words for implicit memory under difficult conditions. (P<0/05).The mixed depression-anxiety exhibited perception of risk words for implicit memory under difficult conditions. Girls showed more recall words than boys for both explicit and implicit memory under difficult conditions. The results suggested the subjects with combined psychological symptoms had different recall for emotional words explicit and implicit memory under both easy and difficult conditions.