Environmental analysis and prevention of crime by means of geographical information system

Crime has inherently geographical nature. When a crime is committed, it will commit in a place or special geographical situation. In the past, a cognition and analysis of crimes patterns was done manually by one or some agents, respected data were gathered and classified by them based on place and time and therefore the patterns of crimes were achieved. Nowadays, GIS as on of the greatest achievements of information technology, has the most usage in disciplinary affairs as well as studying on and examining the crime. Situational analysis as a substantial tool in GIS can provide a cognition about correlation of crime and place. To realize this relation can be helpful in predicting and preventing crimes. Since environmental analysis of crime aims to determine the pattern of individuals movement in place and time as well as achievement to their goals in environment, so GIS makes "crime planning, policy making and preventing crimes" possible by means of scientific technology. This article explores the ability GIS and environmental analysis for spots of crimes.