Journal of Clinical and Basic Research
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Spring 2017

Osteoporosis is a common disease in Iran, which is associated with insufficient intake of vitamin D and calcium. Therefore, this study aimed to compare consumption of dietary supplements between healthy individuals and patients with osteoporosis referred to bone densitometry centers in Gorgan, north of Iran.
This case-control study was conducted on women aged over 55 years who were at least 5 years postmenopausal. Overall, two groups of 130 subjects were enrolled via convenience sampling at 95% confidence interval. The subjects were divided into two groups of healthy individuals and patients with osteoporosis using Hologic QDR 4500 Elite Bone Densitometers and T-scores (-2.5: osteoporosis, above 1: normal). Anthropometric measurements (height, weight and waist circumference), and amount of dietary intake of calcium, vitamin D, vitamin E and multivitamins supplements were recorded by trained experts. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16).
Healthy subjects consumed significantly higher amount of calcium supplement (18.5%) compared to subjects with osteoporosis (P = 0.001). Intake of vitamin D supplement was significantly higher (23.3%) in healthy subjects compared to patients (P = 0.003). Intake of vitamin E supplement and multivitamin was slightly higher in healthy subjects, but the difference was not statistically significant.
At least half and two-thirds of individuals aged over 55 years take vitamin D and calcium supplements, respectively. Intake of calcium and vitamin D is significantly higher in healthy individuals compared to those with osteoporosis.

This study aimed to investigate the decisional balance for exercise and its relationship with stages of change in exercise behavior among employees in city of Gorgan, north of Iran.
Material and This cross-sectional study was performed on 991 employees selected through random cluster sampling. Data were collected using the stages of change and decisional balance questionnaires.
a unit increase in the mean score of barriers decreased the possibility of moving to later stages by 49%, while a unit increase in the mean score of exercise benefits increased the possibility by 61%. There was a significant relationship between gender and stages of change (P The results of this study indicate that the disadvantages of exercise decrease through while subjects move toward later stages. Majority of the participant, specifically female employees, are in the early stages of exercise and are expected to have a sedentary lifestyle.

There are several methods for delivery of vectors into eukaryotic cell lines. Transfection with liposomes is an easy and accessible way. Lipofectamine 2000 is a transfection reagent with liposome structure. Despite having a specific protocol, the volume of this reagent should be optimized for use in different cell lines. The aim of this study was to optimize transfection of KYSE-30 cell line with pEGFP-NI vector using Lipofectamine 2000.
The vector was purified by plasmid extraction kit. Transfection of the KYSE-30 cell line was done using Lipofectamine 2000 and different concentrations of the vector. Expression of green fluorescent proteins (GFP) was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, and later analyzed with ImageJ software.
Optimized concentration of plasmid (5μg) and volume of Lipofectamine 2000 (6μl) were determined for KYSE-30 cell line. GFP plasmid transfection using the determined values showed more than 65% efficiency in the KYSE-30 cell line. The quantity of DNA per transfection and volume of reagent were identified as essential factors for a successful transfection.
This study shows that lipofection with lipofectamine 2000 is an efficient method of gene delivery into KYSE-30 cell line.

Several studies have demonstrated the role of high cholesterol in different diseases. A diet high in cholesterol or saturated fats can impair the cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of simvastatin on spatial memory of rats receiving a high-fat diet.
In this study, 35 adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (N=7). The subjects were trained for five days four times a day in Morris water maze to find a hidden platform. Time elapsed and distance travelled for finding the hidden platform were considered as criteria for learning. Probe trial was used for evaluation of memory retrieval.
Consumption of high fat diet for four weeks reduced learning ability in the high-fat group, which spent longer time and travelled a longer distance compared to the control group. However, oral administration of simvastatin at doses of 5 and 10 mg improved memory function. Memory function in rats treated with the drug had a significant difference with that of in the high-fat group. However, no significant difference was found between the groups treated with different doses of simvastatin.
simvastatin improves spatial memory performance in adult male rats receiving high-fat diet.

One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is the high prevalence of obesity in different age groups. Statistics have shown that pregnant women with body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2 are more likely to have Cesarean section (C-section). The secondary outcomes of the new method and the routine method (using leukoplast tape) were compared by surveying the surgery team on their satisfaction with each tool for surgical site exposure in women undergoing C-section compared to leukoplast tape.
This study was conducted on 130 obese patients undergoing C-section at the Kamali Hospital in Alborz Province (Iran) during 2016. Trained operating room personnel completed two checklists designed for assessing satisfaction. Other variables were assessed via personal observation and surveying the surgical team. Time elapsed until fetal expulsion and from fetal expulsion to wound closure, and the total duration of the surgery were accurately calculated and recorded in the intervention and control groups.
The mean number of regular and long gauzes used in the intervention group (15.98±3.5 and 3.65±1) was significantly lower than that of the control group (19.8±5.1 and 4.32±1.1). Time elapsed from fetal expulsion to wound closure was significantly shorter in the intervention group compared to the control group (P Given the increased prevalence of obesity in pregnant women undergoing elective C-section and the positive outcomes of this new method, it is recommended to use the method for these surgical procedures.

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide. Several factors such as hyperglycemia are associated with risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a clinical tool for identification of subjects at risk of diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, which could be a predictor of metabolic syndrome. There may be an association between diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to review the literature on diabetes, as a component of metabolic syndrome.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the placenta, which has a similar structure to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).Due to this similarity, hCG could exhibit TSH-like activity and stimulate thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones, particularly thyroxine (T4).This condition is often seen at end of the first trimester of pregnancy (weeks 10-12). In these cases, maternal serum TSH concentration is reduced and T4 level is elevated, causing overt hyperthyroidism that could lead to thyrotoxicosis if remain untreated. Pregnant women with hyperemesisgravidarum experience nausea and vomiting. These subjects seem to have elevated levels of serum hCG, particularly at the end of the first trimester when it reaches its peak, eventually leading to hyperthyroidism. There are some reports suggesting that hyperemesis gravidarum might be due to hyperthyroidism associated with elevated hCG in pregnant women at weeks10-12 of pregnancy.