مجله مطالعات پیش دبستانی و دبستان
پیاپی 3 (بهار 1395)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hindrances which elementary-school teachers encounter in teaching art courses in the six fold municipal districts of Isfahan. The sample of this study was drawn from 356 teachers of Isfahan in academic year 2012 – 2013. A gender- and quantity-based stratified random sampling technique was utilized for this study. A descriptive observational research design was opted. For the purposes of this study, a 45-item questionnaire was developed and used by the researcher. This questionnaire enjoys face and content validity and its reliability has been measured through Cronbach’s alpha, which was 0.871. For statistical analyses of the data, a one-sample t-test, an independent-sample t-test and F of ANOVA were run. According to the results of the study, the following reasons can be enumerated as the factors which hinder teaching art courses: teachers’ negative attitude, lack of skilled teachers, teachers’ lack of familiarity with proper teaching methods, lack of facilities and defective assessment in art courses as above-average-level factors; principals’ lack of awareness of the art’s role as an average-level factor; and planners’ and officials’ negligence, ignorance of the importance of art on the part of parents as below-average factors.

Theory of mind helps individuals to understand other individuals’ perspectives about phenomenon, in general, and others stand points in social issues specifically. It also helps individuals to describe, explain and predict others’ behaviors. Current study aimed to study development of theory of mind in preschool children. The design of the study was ex post facto. To fulfill the aforementioned purpose, 60 preschool children (ages 4-6) were sampled from the kindergarten, and preschoolers in district six of Department of Education in Tehran, by means of available sampling and the following measures were given to them: theory of mind tasks, with subtests of one to one correspondence test, doll house, narration of the story, and predicting game in the play format. To analyze data, a Chi Square test was used. Analysis of data revealed that in general age factor was an important factor in determining the level of functioning and its effect was significant (p

The purpose of this study was to investigate the application of information and communications technology challenges from the perspective of primary school teachers. This study was a practical goal and its method was survey-descriptive. The population of this study was the all primary school teachers in two areas of Tehran of which are academic year 93-94 that by purposive sampling method, 265 subjects were selected as sample. Data were gathered using questionnaires consisting of 32 questions. To determine the validity, the teachers and education experts were used. The reliability was determined by Cronbach’s alpha by using SPSS software equivalent of 0.92. To analyze the data and identify the challenges use of Exploratory Factor Analysis. The results show that the challenges faced by schools in the field of ICT applications include: lack of equipment - technical, cultural malaise, teachers’ motivational- educational weakness, poor infrastructure and lack of finance and economic planning and management.

In order to analyse the validity and reliability of semiotic scale of behavioural-emotional problems (anxiety, depression, conduct problems and physical disorders), the present study performed Seattle Children’s Personality Questionnaire in the population of elementary school students. In this work, 240 students of grades no. 3-5 at elementary school (including 100 female students and 140 male students) were chosen through multi-stage sampling and the selected people answered the questionnaire. The stability of the questionnaire was meandered through the internal consistency method. To measure the validity of questionnaire, the researcher used the method of structure validity. For analysis of the difference/s between girls and boys in questionnaire scales, the independent t test was utilised, and for analysis of the difference of scales, related to the grade no. 3-5 at elementary school, ANOVA (One-way analysis of variance) was carried out. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of all questionnaires was 0/75. The said coefficient for anxiety was 0/74, for depression was 0/73T, for conduct was 0/64, and for the physical problems was 0/61. To assess the adequacy, the model utilised indicators of the degree of freedom chi-square, the root mean estimation error, the propriety of the fitness, the modified fitness, and normalised and non-normalised fitness. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that the obtained values totally confirm that the confirmatory factor analysis model in order to explain and fit, is in good condition, is good to be used. In analysing the difference between girls and boys, the t test shows that the conduct problems, and anxiety are significantly different in girls and boys. However, two groups are not significantly different in anxiety and physical scales. The results of analysis of variance show that there is no significant difference among the students of grades no. 3-5 of elementary school in terms of physical and anxiety scales, but this difference is significant in anxiety and conduct problems scales. Generally, the findings of the present study show that the semiotic scale of Seattle Children’s Personality Questionnaire is of good reliability and validity in the society and it can be used as a device for measuring the personality of the children and their behavioural problems in the elementary grade.

The current research aimed to investigate a content analysis of Social Studies Textbook of the 6th grade of Elementary School Perspective of Edward de Bono's Six Creative Thinking Hats. To do so, a descriptive method content analysis was performed. The study population included social studies textbook for the 6th grade of primary school in the academic year 2015-2016 is due to the nature of the subject matter and limitations of the sample from the sample, and the total population was considered as an example. Measurement tool, self-made content analysis checklist and results using descriptive statistics were used in the process of Shannon entropy analysis. The major findings of the study showed that the 6th grade social studies textbook 198 times paid attention to the components of creative thinking, and the attention has the distribution component figures and facts, feelings, emotions and intuition, judgment and pretended to oppose negative, brightness and optimism and positive attitude, creative thinking, motivation and movement control, composure and led by 52, 37, 32, 26, 30, 21 have been great. Also, among the different hats, hat I of the information load factor of 0/979 and 0/180 of the most attention, and hat VI, the amount of information

The goal of this study was the investigation of the effect of subscribe mother-child play in reduction of attachment disorder in male school students of Isfahan. Thus, in a quasi-experimental design with a control group and pretest – post- test & follow up assessment, 32 male students, with high scores in attachment disorder of Isfahan primary school purpose ways were selected and assigned randomly in experimental and control group (n1=n2=16). Experimental group received an eight-session, a weekly basis with the participation of mothers and playing with the children. While the control group received no intervention and remained in waiting list, two groups were evaluated by parent form of Randolf Attachment Disorder. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that intervention with mother-child playing reduces the 83.3% symptoms of attachment disorder in post-test and 78.9% follow up (p